Characteristics of Estonian Oil Shale Kerogen and Its Pyrolysates with Thermal Bitumen as a Pyrolytic Intermediate

Jian, Shi; Ma, Yue; Li, Shuyuan; Wu, Jianxun; Zhu, Yukai; Teng, Jinsheng

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00054

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, the presence of relatively high proportions of reactive oxygen-containing moieties (resorcinols) creates a precondition for the low-temperature degradation of kukersite to value-added chemicals. 1 , 11 Blokker et al used a RuO 4 degradation for kukersite and found a wide range of carboxyl groups in the degraded product. They suggested that the organic matter is mainly composed of n-alkenyl resorcinol building blocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Air Oxidation of Oil Shales: Kerogen Dissolution and Dicarboxylic Acid Formation

et al. 2020

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Until now, the oil shale kukersite has been used mainly for energy and oil production. To broaden the possible applications of oil shales, the wet air oxidation of kukersite (an organic-rich sedimentary rock from Estonia) was studied. Kukersite was oxidized with an oxygen-rich gas in water at temperatures up to 200 °C and pressures up to 60 bar. The efficiency of this batch process was evaluated from organic matter conversion, from the amount of solubilized organics obtained, and from the rate of dicarboxylic acid (DCA) formation. The effect of several reaction parameters—pressure, temperature, time, acid/base additives, substrate concentration, the origin of a substrate and its organic matter content, and so forth—was measured. A conversion of 91% in total organic carbon was achieved at 175 °C with 40 bar of the 1:1 oxygen/nitrogen mixture in 3 h without the presence of any additives. Under basic conditions, high yields (up to 50%) of dissolved organic matter were obtained with 8% of DCA; the best results are obtained with K 2 CO 3 and KOH. The highest DCA outcome (12%) within the 3 h reaction time was obtained in the presence of acetic acid. It was found that temperatures higher than 185 °C, pressures over 30 bar of pO 2 , and long reaction times in the acidic media caused a considerable decrease in the DCA outcome. It was also found that the same process can be applied to shales of different origins, although with lower DCA yields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Air Oxidation of Oil Shales: Kerogen Dissolution and Dicarboxylic Acid Formation

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, the formation rate of thermal bitumen is higher than its decomposition rate at 390−450 °C while the case is vice versa at 450−540 °C. Wang et al [6] and Shi et al [21,22] also indicated that the thermal bitumen yield first increased and then decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The investigators emphasized the transient nature of thermal bitumen during decomposition of oil shales.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Figure 4 shows the FTIR spectra of asphaltene fractions that are composed of highly polar compounds with high molecular weights. Based on the reported FTIR absorption bands of thermal bitumen [21,22] and kerogen [27,28], a summary of the characteristic bands of some functional groups in asphaltenes is presented in Table 3. Figure 4 shows that as pyrolysis temperature increases from 420 to 450 °C, the intensity of the band at 1711 cm −1 decreases while the band at Fig.…”

Section: Ultimate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Composition and Pyrolysis Characteristics of Thermal Bitumen Derived From Pyrolyzing Huadian Oil Shale, China

Chang¹,

Chu²

2019

Oil Shale

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Thermal bitumen is an important intermediate derived from kerogen decomposition during oil shale pyrolysis. In this study, thermal bitumen was obtained by extracting oil shale char generated from pyrolysis of Huadian oil shale at 360-530 °C. The chemical composition and pyrolysis characteristics of bitumen were investigated by ultimate analysis, liquid chromatography fractionation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The decomposition of oxygencontaining structures at 420-450 °C decreased the oxygen content from 4.66 to 0.75 wt%. The intense cracking of aliphatic compounds or alkyl chains at 450-480 °C resulted in the selective concentration of aromatic compounds and the decrease of H/C ratio from 1.350 to 1.262. The pyrolysis of thermal bitumen could be tentatively divided into two stagesthe evaporation of light components (150-410 °C) and the cracking of heavy components (410-550 °C), which corresponded respectively to a shoulder and an obvious peak in differential thermal gravimetry (DTG) curves. For pyrolysis of oil shale, the evaporation process dominated the pyrolysis of thermal bitumen at 420-450 °C, which decreased the content of light components. In a higher temperature range, 450-480 °C, the cracking of large molecules became more intense and, as a result, increased the content of light components and decreased that of heavy components.

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“…Oil shale (OS) is a fine‐grain sedimentary rock containing complex solid macromolecular organic matter called kerogen, 9 from which petroleum‐like shale oil can be extracted. OS is one of the most promising alternative resources for petroleum, 10 due to its huge reserves 11 as well as the similar properties of shale oil and crude oil 12,13 . Its reserves are equivalent to 5.4 times of the world's proven recoverable oil reserves 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus heating is required to thermally break down the kerogen matrix and then petroleum‐like shale oil is released. Currently, thermochemical conversion technology, namely retorting or pyrolysis, is the only recommended process for utilizing OS to produce oil and chemicals 13,30 . The OS retorting techniques can be classified into aboveground ( ex situ ) and underground ( in situ ) ones 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and quantitative evolution of organic matters in oil shale during two different retorting processes

et al. 2021

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In this study, traditional strongly endothermic anaerobic retorting (AR) and relatively novel self‐heating retorting (SHR) processes for oil shale (OS) were investigated and compared in detail. These studies mainly involve the structural and quantitative evolution of organic matters in OS during retorting, including varieties of crystallite parameters, carbon framework structure, amounts of various structural carbons and toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and so on. The obtained results well elucidate some reaction pathways in AR and SHR as well as certain differences between the two retorting processes. Moreover, based on our former work that verifies SHR greatly simplifies retorting operation by in situ generating heat to replace external heat carrier/provision, this study further demonstrates that SHR also alleviates the environmental effect of organic toxic residues as compared to AR. The present study provides some critical results not only for penetrating the reaction mechanism but also for assessing or controlling the environmental impact of both retorting processes.

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Characteristics of Estonian Oil Shale Kerogen and Its Pyrolysates with Thermal Bitumen as a Pyrolytic Intermediate

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Wet Air Oxidation of Oil Shales: Kerogen Dissolution and Dicarboxylic Acid Formation

Wet Air Oxidation of Oil Shales: Kerogen Dissolution and Dicarboxylic Acid Formation

The Chemical Composition and Pyrolysis Characteristics of Thermal Bitumen Derived From Pyrolyzing Huadian Oil Shale, China

Structural and quantitative evolution of organic matters in oil shale during two different retorting processes

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