Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacterales Isolated from Dogs and Cats, 2011–2021

Abstract

The rising prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales is a significant threat to animal and human health. This study aims to describe the clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and genotypic features of infections associated with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in dogs and cats seen at a tertiary referral veterinary teaching hospital. Enterobacterales isolated from dogs and cats that underwent ESBL testing during the study period were identified using a search of the hospital antimicrobial susceptibility test software database. Medical records of confirmed ESBL isolates were reviewed, and the source of infection, clinical findings, and antimicrobial susceptibility were recorded. Genomic DNA from bacterial isolates was evaluated for antimicrobial resistance genes with whole genome sequencing. Thirty ESBL-producing isolates were identified based on phenotypic testing (twenty-nine from dogs, one from a cat); twenty-six were Escherichia coli and the remainder were Klebsiella spp. Bacterial cystitis was the most commonly identified (8/30, 27%) clinical problem associated with infection. Resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes was identified in 90% (27/30) of isolates, and all isolates were susceptible to imipenem. Over 70% of isolates were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, and cefoxitin. BlaCTX-M-15 was the most common ESBL gene identified, present in 13/22 (59%) isolate genomes. A wide range of clinical infections were identified. Piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin may be alternatives to carbapenem therapy. Further, larger-scale studies are needed.

Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains to Last Resort Human Antibiotics Isolated from Healthy Companion Animals in Valencia Region

“…Regarding cephalosporins, similar results have been observed in dogs and cats, ranging from 16% to 50% among the different antibiotics evaluated in previous studies [64][65][66][67]. The phenotypic resistances observed to these βlactams antibiotics (especially to 3rd and 4th gen. cephalosporins; CEP, CIX, CTA, and CTZ) also suggest that some of these strains could be ESBL-producing E. coli [66][67][68]. However, further molecular analyses are needed to detect the resistance genes of these strains not only phenotypically but also genotypically [69].…”

“…These results should be widely monitored, as resistances to this antibiotic in AMR monitoring programmes in food-producing animals are among the highest in Europe [17], and the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID) recommends the use of TRS as first-line empirical treatments in urinary tract infections [58]. Regarding cephalosporins, similar results have been observed in dogs and cats, ranging from 16% to 50% among the different antibiotics evaluated in previous studies [64][65][66][67]. The phenotypic resistances observed to these βlactams antibiotics (especially to 3rd and 4th gen. cephalosporins; CEP, CIX, CTA, and CTZ) also suggest that some of these strains could be ESBL-producing E. coli [66][67][68].…”

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Respiratory Bacteria from Weaned Dairy Heifers

“…The use of AMR gene presence to predict resistance phenotype has not been widely validated in multiple bacteria and within a genus [ 28 ]. Genotype predictions of phenotype are emerging with variable results; even within a single organism, the concordance of AMR genotype with phenotypic is variable [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Studies in Salmonella spp.…”