Characteristics of foot structure and footwear associated with hallux valgus: a systematic review

Nix, Sheree; Vicenzino, Bill; Collins, Natalie J; Smith, Michelle D.

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2012.06.007

Cited by 106 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…A strong sex difference in the prevalence of HV has been reported in epidemiological studies 7 37. One potential explanation for such sex-specific predisposition to HV risk is the possibility that the observed differences between men and women are driven by genetic effects determining skeletal structure (such as an increased intermetatarsal angle, longer first metatarsal and round first metatarsal head38). Based on our sex-specific heritability estimation, we also found 33% of those genetic determinants were sex specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association meta-analyses to identify common genetic variants associated with hallux valgus in Caucasian and African Americans

et al. 2015

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Objective Hallux valgus (HV) affects ~36% of Caucasian adults. Although considered highly heritable, the underlying genetic determinants are unclear. We conducted the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) aimed to identify genetic variants associated with HV. Methods HV was assessed in 3 Caucasian cohorts (n=2,263, n=915, and n=1,231 participants, respectively). In each cohort, a GWAS was conducted using 2.5M imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Mixed-effect regression with the additive genetic model adjusted for age, sex, weight and within-family correlations was used for both sex-specific and combined analyses. To combine GWAS results across cohorts, fixed-effect inverse-variance meta-analyses were used. Following meta-analyses, top-associated findings were also examined in an African American cohort (n=327). Results The proportion of HV variance explained by genome-wide genotyped SNPs was 50% in men and 48% in women. A higher proportion of genetic determinants of HV was sex-specific. The most significantly associated SNP in men was rs9675316 located on chr17q23-a24 near the AXIN2 gene (p=5.46×10−7); the most significantly associated SNP in women was rs7996797 located on chr13q14.1-q14.2 near the ESD gene (p=7.21×10−7). Genome-wide significant SNP-by-sex interaction was found for SNP rs1563374 located on chr11p15.1 near the MRGPRX3 gene (interaction p-value =4.1×10−9). The association signals diminished when combining men and women. Conclusion Findings suggest that the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of HV are complex and strongly underlined by sex-specific interactions. The identified genetic variants imply contribution of biological pathways observed in osteoarthritis as well as new pathways, influencing skeletal development and inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association meta-analyses to identify common genetic variants associated with hallux valgus in Caucasian and African Americans

et al. 2015

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“…Any discrepancies were discussed to reach consensus, and if discrepancies remained, a third reviewer was consulted (BV). Study quality of all included studies was assessed using the Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument (EAI)18 in a method used in previous reviews 19 20. Items were scored as Yes (score=2), Partial (score=1), No (score=0), Unable to determine (score=0) of the applicable items.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we predict the outcome for people with patellofemoral pain? A systematic review on prognostic factors and treatment effect modifiers

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPatellofemoral pain (PFP) is a multifactorial and often persistent knee condition. One strategy to enhance patient outcomes is using clinically assessable patient characteristics to predict the outcome and match a specific treatment to an individual.AimA systematic review was conducted to determine which baseline patient characteristics were (1) associated with patient outcome (prognosis); or (2) modified patient outcome from a specific treatment (treatment effect modifiers).Methods6 electronic databases were searched (July 2016) for studies evaluating the association between those with PFP, their characteristics and outcome. All studies were appraised using the Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument. Studies that aimed to identify treatment effect modifiers underwent a checklist for methodological quality.ResultsThe 24 included studies evaluated 180 participant characteristics. 12 studies investigated prognosis, and 12 studies investigated potential treatment effect modifiers. Important methodological limitations were identified. Some prognostic studies used a retrospective design. Studies aiming to identify treatment effect modifiers often analysed too many variables for the limiting sample size and typically failed to use a control or comparator treatment group. 16 factors were reported to be associated with a poor outcome, with longer duration of symptoms the most reported (>4 months). Preliminary evidence suggests increased midfoot mobility may predict those who have a successful outcome to foot orthoses.ConclusionsCurrent evidence can identify those with increased risk of a poor outcome, but methodological limitations make it difficult to predict the outcome after one specific treatment compared with another. Adequately designed randomised trials are needed to identify treatment effect modifiers.

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“…Title, journal and author details were removed to de-identify articles prior to rating. Quality ratings were performed using the Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument (EAI)27 using similar methodology as Nix et al 28. The EAI was designed as ‘a critical appraisal system rooted in epidemiological principles’ for use in systematic reviews and meta-analysis, and developed by a team of epidemiologists, physicians and biostatisticians.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The robust development consisted of an eight-step process including content and criterion validation, consultation with individuals outside the research team, two associated revised versions and establishment of the scales reliability 27. Utilising the method described by Nix et al ,28 the EAI was adjusted to the intended purpose of this review and 26 of the original 43 items were used. Items relating to interventions, randomisation, follow-up period or loss to follow-up that were not applicable to three individual objectives were excluded by MSR and CJB.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is hip strength a risk factor for patellofemoral pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2014

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This review highlights a possible discrepancy between prospective and cross-sectional research. Cross-sectional studies indicate that adult men and women with PFP appear to have lower hip strength compared to pain-free individuals. Contrary to this, a limited number of prospective studies indicate that there may be no association between isometric hip strength and risk of developing PFP. Therefore, reduced hip strength may be a result of PFP rather than the cause.

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Characteristics of foot structure and footwear associated with hallux valgus: a systematic review

Abstract: Although conclusions regarding causality cannot be made from cross-sectional studies, this systematic review highlights important factors to monitor in HV assessment and management. Further studies with rigorous methodology are warranted to investigate clinical factors associated with HV.

Cited by 106 publications

References 72 publications

Genome-wide association meta-analyses to identify common genetic variants associated with hallux valgus in Caucasian and African Americans

Genome-wide association meta-analyses to identify common genetic variants associated with hallux valgus in Caucasian and African Americans

Can we predict the outcome for people with patellofemoral pain? A systematic review on prognostic factors and treatment effect modifiers

Is hip strength a risk factor for patellofemoral pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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