Characteristics of Gamblers Who Use the French National Problem Gambling Helpline and Real-Time Chat Facility: Longitudinal Observational Study

Darbeda, Stéphane; Aubin, Henri‐Jean; Lejoyeux, Michel; Luquiens, Amandine

doi:10.2196/13388

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Sample characteristics that may act as moderators in the relationship between gambling problems and suicidality include sex, age, and psychiatric comorbidity. Consistent with suicidology research in general, several studies among individuals with gambling problems have reported higher prevalence rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among women compared to men (e.g., Carr et al, 2018; Pavarin et al, 2022; Ronzitti et al, 2017), albeit not consistently (e.g., Darbeda et al, 2020; Weinstock et al, 2014). Other studies have reported age to be an influential factor, where some studies have found younger age to be associated with increased risk for suicidality among individuals with gambling problems (Karlsson & Håkansson, 2018; Kausch, 2004; Leung & Tsang, 2011).…”

Section: Gambling Problemssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Additionally, two studies (Cunningham-Williams et al, 2007; Schwarz & Lindner, 1992) were based on (cross-sectional) data collected in experimental studies (i.e., clinical interventions). Moreover, 11 studies (Chaput et al, 2007; Darbeda et al, 2020; Feigelman et al, 2006; Jeannot et al, 2023; Jolly et al, 2021; Karlsson & Håkansson, 2018; Ledgerwood et al, 2013; Morefield et al, 2014; Pavarin et al, 2021, 2022; Slutske et al, 2022) employed longitudinal designs, including four studies (Karlsson & Håkansson, 2018; Pavarin et al, 2021, 2022; Slutske et al, 2022) that employed a longitudinal cohort study design. Yet, only one of the longitudinal studies (i.e., Slutske et al, 2022) provided longitudinal associations on the relationship between gambling problems and suicidality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicidality among individuals with gambling problems: A meta-analytic literature review.

Kristensen,

Pallesen,

Bauer

et al. 2024

Psychological Bulletin

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Gambling problems have consistently been linked to suicidality, including suicidal ideation, attempts, and suicide. However, the magnitude of the relationship has varied significantly across studies and the potential causal link between gambling problems and suicidality is currently unclear. A meta-analytic literature review was conducted to (a) synthesize pooled prevalence rates of suicidality among individuals with gambling problems; (b) determine if individuals with gambling problems had an increased likelihood of reporting suicidality compared to individuals without gambling problems; and (c) review evidence on causality and directionality. A search in Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycNet, Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest, Embase, and Google Scholar electronic databases identified 107 unique studies (N = 4,691,899) that were included for review. Studies were included if they were available in any European language and provided sufficient data for the calculation of prevalence rates or effect sizes. Two researchers extracted the data independently using a predefined coding schema that included the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Random-effects meta-analyses yielded pooled prevalence rates of 31.6% (95% CI [29.1%, 34.3%]) for lifetime suicidal ideation and 13.2% (95% CI [11.3%, 15.5%]) for lifetime suicide attempts. Individuals with gambling problems had significantly increased odds of reporting lifetime suicidal ideation (OR = 2.17, 95% CI [1.90, 2.48]) and lifetime suicide attempts (OR = 2.81, 95% CI [2.23, 3.54]) compared to individuals without gambling problems. Two studies reported that individuals with pathological gambling had an increased risk of dying by suicide. Metaregression analyses suggested that the risk of study bias was positively related to the prevalence rates of suicidal ideation. Sex proportions were found to moderate the odds of suicidal ideation, but the direction of the effect was inconsistent. For suicide attempts, psychiatric comorbidity and sample size were positively and inversely, respectively, associated with prevalence rates. The synthesis indicates that suicidality is common among individuals with gambling problems and hence should be addressed by help agencies. Inferences on causality and directionality are hampered by a lack of longitudinal studies. Public Significance StatementThis meta-analytic literature review of 107 studies shows that lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempt(s) are commonly reported among individuals with gambling problems and that individuals with gambling problems have an increased likelihood of reporting lifetime suicidal ideation, suicide attempt(s), and dying by suicide compared to the general population. The observed increased likelihood of suicidality should be noted and addressed by help agencies and policymakers. Little is known about the directionality and mechanisms underlying this relationship, which needs to be investigated in future high-quality longitudinal research.

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Section: Gambling Problemssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidality among individuals with gambling problems: A meta-analytic literature review.

Kristensen,

Pallesen,

Bauer

et al. 2024

Psychological Bulletin

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“…In other reporting, approximately 40 percent of help-seekers have been identified as presenting a risk of suicide (17). In community samples, between 17 and 39 percent of those who gamble problematically have been reported to have suicide ideation and between 2 and 57 percent have reported suicide attempts (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Suicidality also appears to increase alongside the severity of gamblingrelated problems (11,14,23,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gambling-related suicides and suicidality: A systematic review of qualitative evidence

Marionneau

Nikkinen²

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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The relationship between gambling and suicides or suicidality has received much research attention in recent years. Review studies have already mapped the quantitative occurrence of suicide attempts, suicides, and self-harm among gamblers, and found a positive association. Related comorbidities and conditions have also been charted in previous reviews. However, there is still a gap in knowledge regarding the actual processes that connect gambling and suicidal behavior. To understand these processes, the current paper conducts a systematic review of qualitative evidence on gambling-related suicides and suicidality. The aim was to identify the role of gambling as well as of confounding factors in suicidality, and what kind of support suicidal individuals have received or would need. We searched for relevant literature in seven scientific databases. We included all studies that presented empirical qualitative evidence on gambling-related suicide, suicidality and/or self-harm (N = 20). The results show two main processes that connect gambling and suicidal behavior: indebtedness and shame. At the same time, suicide is a multifactorial phenomenon, and related to other confounding factors. These include psychiatric conditions, personality traits, and life conditions. In many cases, these appear to emerge as a consequence of gambling. Treatment for suicidality has been effective in some cases, but indebtedness and shame may also function as barriers to help-seeking. We conclude that effective prevention is needed by adapting a more comprehensive public health approach and population-level interventions.

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“…In recent years, help line services have witnessed a significant increase in the volume of suicide-related presentations resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic [ 12 , 13 ]. Help line services support important avenues of suicide detection and prevention by providing equitability of access, promotion of disclosures and trust, and supplementation of traditional forms of health care [ 14 ]. However, suicide assessment via telehealth is challenged by the absence of nonverbal cues, by time limitations, and by the reticence of some callers to verbally express suicidal intent [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Voice Biomarkers to Classify Suicide Risk in Adult Telehealth Callers: Retrospective Observational Study

Iyer¹,

Nedeljkovic²,

Meyer³

2022

JMIR Ment Health

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Background Artificial intelligence has the potential to innovate current practices used to detect the imminent risk of suicide and to address shortcomings in traditional assessment methods. Objective In this paper, we sought to automatically classify short segments (40 milliseconds) of speech according to low versus imminent risk of suicide in a large number (n=281) of telephone calls made to 2 telehealth counselling services in Australia. Methods A total of 281 help line telephone call recordings sourced from On The Line, Australia (n=266, 94.7%) and 000 Emergency services, Canberra (n=15, 5.3%) were included in this study. Imminent risk of suicide was coded for when callers affirmed intent, plan, and the availability of means; level of risk was assessed by the responding counsellor and reassessed by a team of clinical researchers using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (=5/6). Low risk of suicide was coded for in an absence of intent, plan, and means and via Columbia suicide Severity Scale Ratings (=1/2). Preprocessing involved normalization and pre-emphasis of voice signals, while voice biometrics were extracted using the statistical language r. Candidate predictors were identified using Lasso regression. Each voice biomarker was assessed as a predictor of suicide risk using a generalized additive mixed effects model with splines to account for nonlinearity. Finally, a component-wise gradient boosting model was used to classify each call recording based on precoded suicide risk ratings. Results A total of 77 imminent-risk calls were compared with 204 low-risk calls. Moreover, 36 voice biomarkers were extracted from each speech frame. Caller sex was a significant moderating factor (β=–.84, 95% CI –0.85, –0.84; t=6.59, P<.001). Candidate biomarkers were reduced to 11 primary markers, with distinct models developed for men and women. Using leave-one-out cross-validation, ensuring that the speech frames of no single caller featured in both training and test data sets simultaneously, an area under the precision or recall curve of 0.985 was achieved (95% CI 0.97, 1.0). The gamboost classification model correctly classified 469,332/470,032 (99.85%) speech frames. Conclusions This study demonstrates an objective, efficient, and economical assessment of imminent suicide risk in an ecologically valid setting with potential applications to real-time assessment and response. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000486729; https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12622000486729.aspx

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Characteristics of Gamblers Who Use the French National Problem Gambling Helpline and Real-Time Chat Facility: Longitudinal Observational Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Suicidality among individuals with gambling problems: A meta-analytic literature review.

Suicidality among individuals with gambling problems: A meta-analytic literature review.

Gambling-related suicides and suicidality: A systematic review of qualitative evidence

Using Voice Biomarkers to Classify Suicide Risk in Adult Telehealth Callers: Retrospective Observational Study

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