Characteristics of global organic matrix in normal and pimpled chicken eggshells

Abstract

The organic matrix from normal and pimpled calcified chicken eggshells were dissociated into acid-insoluble, water-insoluble, and facultative-soluble (both acid- and water-soluble) components, to understand the influence of shell matrix on eggshell qualities. A linear correlation was shown among these 3 matrix components in normal eggshells but was not observed in pimpled eggshells. In pimpled eggshells, the percentage contents of all 4 groups of matrix (the total matrix, acid-insoluble matrix, water-insoluble matrix, and facultative-soluble matrix) were significantly higher than that in normal eggshells. The amounts of both total matrix and acid-insoluble matrix in individual pimpled calcified shells were high, even though their weight was much lower than a normal eggshell. In both normal and pimpled eggshells, the calcified eggshell weight and shell thickness significantly and positively correlated with the amounts of all 4 groups of matrix in an individual calcified shell. In normal eggshells, the calcified shell thickness and shell breaking strength showed no significant correlations with the percentage contents of all 4 groups of matrix. In normal eggshells, only the shell membrane weight significantly correlated with the constituent ratios of both acid-insoluble matrix and facultative-soluble matrix in the whole matrix. In pimpled eggshells, 3 variables (calcified shell weight, shell thickness, and breaking strength) were significantly correlated with the constituent proportions of both acid-insoluble matrix and facultative-matrix. This study suggests that mechanical properties of normal eggshells may not linearly depend on the organic matrix content in the calcified eggshells and that pimpled eggshells might result by the disequilibrium enrichment of some proteins with negative effects.

Geometrical characteristics of eggs from 3 poultry species

“…In the present study, the organic matrix in calcified eggshells were dissociated into acid-insoluble, water-insoluble, and facultative-soluble (both acid and water soluble) components. We had previously reported the significant correlations between both egg weight and calcified eggshell weight and the percentage contents of all 4 groups of matrix (3 matrix components and total matrix) in per gram of shell, and the significant correlations between both calcified eggshell weight and shell thickness and the amounts of all 4 groups of matrix in an individual calcified shell ( Liu et al., 2017 ). However, the present results showed that the constituent ratios of 3 matrix components in the whole matrix, and the percentage contents of 3 matrix components in per gram of shell showed no significant correlations with any geometrical parameters, this meant both the constituent ratios and percentage contents of 3 matrix components showed no significant effects on egg contour.…”

“…Eggs from 3 breeds, Hy-line Brown Chicken, Shaoxing Duck, and Zhedong White Goose, were used for this analysis. Based on the method ( Liu et al., 2017 ), the organic matrix components were extracted from each calcified eggshell. Briefly, the eggshell was individually powdered using mortar and pestle, then decalcified by stirring with 10% acetic acid at 20°C for about 18 h. The amount of 10% acetic acid used was about 22–25 mL per gram shell powder, and the acetic acid was added stepwise as the proportion of 35:35:30, the first 2 steps of decalcification were individually carried out over 3–4 h, and the last time decalcification was performed overnight.…”

TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis unveils uterine fluid difference in hens producing normal and pimpled eggs

“…Pimpled eggs ( PE ), however, are a defect characterized by the presence of extra-calcified granules on either end of the eggshell. PE have weaker shells and are more susceptible to breaking compared to normal eggs ( NE ) under the same conditions ( Liu et al, 2017a , b ). The strength of the eggshell weakens further if the pimples are removed from the surface of PE ( Roland Sr et al, 1975 ).…”

Development and Characterization of the Biodegradable Film Derived from Eggshell and Cornstarch

“…However, statistics show that egg production in Malaysia has increased dramatically to 773 thousand tonnes, with an expected annual growth rate of 3.6% by 2020. In this case, ES waste can be used as a source of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), which accounts for approximately 95% of a shell mass and 5% of organic materials such as sulfated polysaccharides, collagen, and other proteins [ 3 ]. Furthermore, CaCO 3 has been used to remove manganese, cadmium, lead, zinc, nickel, and chromium [ 4 ]; additionally, CaCO 3 is known for having good morphology and porosity and removing more than 90% of metal ions when the pH, contact time, agitation speed, and adsorbent dosage are optimized.…”