Characteristics of grey wastewater

Eriksson, Eva; Auffarth, Karina Pipaluk Solvejg; Henze, Mogens; Ledin, Anna

doi:10.1016/s1462-0758(01)00064-4

Cited by 761 publications

(587 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…GW comprises 50-75 % of residential wastewater and is distinct from black wastewater, which is collected from toilets (Eriksson et al 2002;Friedler 2004). There are many incentives for using this water resource.…”

Section: Characteristics and Incentives Of Gray Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Households with individuals who are carriers of infectious disease or who perform practices such as bathing babies and laundering diapers may be at greater risk for spreading the disease as a result of GW reuse (Rose et al 1991;Eriksson et al 2002;Ottoson and Stenstrom 2003;Friedler 2004;Gross et al 2005;Maimon et al 2010). …”

Section: Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Variations in personal/household-level behavior such as frequency of showering, laundering, use of personal care products and household chemicals, and the original quality of domestic water all impact household effluent quality and render it nearly impossible to expect a common GW effluent quality across households (Rose et al 1991;Casanova et al 2001;Eriksson et al 2002). Households of families with children, for example, are more likely to have higher levels of fecal coliforms (Rose et al 1991) and households improperly disposing of products containing compounds such as medications, household cleaning supplies, and heavy metals may expose individuals to endocrine disruptors if constituents are consumed (Eriksson et al 2002).…”

Section: Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Households of families with children, for example, are more likely to have higher levels of fecal coliforms (Rose et al 1991) and households improperly disposing of products containing compounds such as medications, household cleaning supplies, and heavy metals may expose individuals to endocrine disruptors if constituents are consumed (Eriksson et al 2002).…”

Section: Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although patterns of treatment and reuse vary widely by nation, regional (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). GW generally constitutes 50-75 % of all wastewater (Eriksson et al 2002;Friedler 2004). Palestinian Occupied Territories are not shown and are not accounted for in Israel estimate.…”

Section: Application and Perceptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Gray Water the Key to Unlocking Water for Resource-Poor Areas of the Middle East, North Africa, and Other Arid Regions of the World?

Leas

Dare

Al-Delaimy

2013

AMBIO

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Support for the use of treated gray water as an alternative water resource in the Middle East and North Africa is high, especially given the lack of religious restrictions against its use, but several obstacles have kept application of treated gray water near 1 % in some areas. The largest of obstacles include the cost of treatment and the ambiguity surrounding the health safety of gray water and treated gray water. This paper aims to provide an overview of current gray water practices globally, with specific focus on household-level gray water practices in the Middle East and North Africa region, and highlight the need for cost reduction strategies and epidemiological evidence on the use of household-level gray water and treated gray water. Such actions are likely to increase the application of treated gray water in water-deprived areas of the Middle East and North Africa.

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Section: Characteristics and Incentives Of Gray Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application and Perceptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Is Gray Water the Key to Unlocking Water for Resource-Poor Areas of the Middle East, North Africa, and Other Arid Regions of the World?

Leas

Dare

Al-Delaimy

2013

AMBIO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Urban Water Quality

Ellis

Maršálek²,

Chocat

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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Steady growth of population, due to overall population increases and continuing migration from rural to urban areas, creates enormous demands and stresses on urban waters with respect to water supply, drainage, flood protection, wastewater management, and beneficial uses of receiving waters and groundwater. Urban water issues are therefore in the forefront of water management priorities in practically all regions of the world, though often for broadly varying reasons. Key issues of urban water management are discussed in this article, which focuses on the evolution of urban drainage infrastructure, characterization of urban drainage, urban runoff impacts on receiving waters, urban drainage management, water, and wastewater reuse and future perspectives and priorities. The discussion focuses on the collection and transport of urban effluents (sewer systems), characterization of urban drainage provided by combined or storm sewers (flows and their quality), impacts of urban drainage effluents on receiving waters, and groundwater and impact mitigation by integrated urban drainage management with the emphasis placed on the management of surface runoff and water/wastewater reuse. While the progress in integrated engineering science, watershed‐based management and new water technologies is impressive, the challenges of maintaining and improving urban water services, particularly in low‐income countries, are formidable and may be further exacerbated by demographic, social, and climate change.

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