Characteristics of Handwriting of People With Cerebellar Ataxia: Three-Dimensional Movement Analysis of the Pen Tip, Finger, and Wrist

Fujisawa, Yuhki; Okajima, Yasutomo

doi:10.2522/ptj.20140118

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We introduced parameters quantifying kinematic and morphological variability of writing, on the basis of the studies of Viviani and Terzuolo [16] and Castiello and Stelmach [17] respectively, both of which graded the clinical severity of ataxia [11]. In the present investigation, significant differences in both measures of variability were found for some of the frame sizes between the hemiplegic hand and the healthy dominant hand and between the dominant and nondominant hand in the control group.…”

Section: Fig 4 Correlation Between Kinematic Variability and Proximodistal Linkage In Handwritingmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The average speed plots were obtained from 10 writing repetitions, and SDs were calculated for all plots. The SD was then divided by the mean for each plot to compute the grand mean of all SD/means, which was assumed to represent the kinematic variability of the pen tip movement [11]. Morphological variability of the writing trajectory was defined by the distance from the pen tip to the geometric center of its trajectory plotted against the trajectory length (Fig.…”

Section: Parameters Representing Handwriting Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average distance plots were obtained from 10 writing repetitions, and SDs calculated for the plots were divided by the mean of each plot. The grand mean of all SD/means was assumed to represent the trajectory-shape variability of the pen tip [11].…”

Section: Parameters Representing Handwriting Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first was the inclusion of the patients with position sense impairment, which might have obscured minor differences in handwriting between the patients with dominant-hand hemiplegia and the controls. Position sense impairment caused ataxia, which would cause a large variability of handwriting kinematics and morphology [11]. The other problem was the exclusion of small-sized writing.…”

Section: Increased Proximodistal Linkage In Hemiplegic Handwritingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Joint Tightening in Hemiplegic Handwriting

et al. 2020

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Objective: Handwriting, which consists of multiple joint movements in the upper extremity, is a suitable model to investigate motor control after hemiplegic stroke. We analyzed pen tip movement during handwriting in relation to the finger and wrist to reveal tightening and joint linkage that control writing movements done by a hemiplegic hand. Methods: Thirteen right-handed individuals with right-sided mild hemiplegia after a stroke and 14 age-matched, right-handed controls were included. Movements of the pen tip, finger, and wrist were recorded using a three-dimensional movement analyzer. We investigated their writing performance by measuring writing time, variabilities of pen tip kinematics and trajectory. Movement linkage of the joints during writing was quantified by calculating the ratio of the trajectory size at the finger or wrist to that at the pen tip. Results: The time needed for writing and the kinematic variability did not differ between the hemiplegic and control groups. The tight linkage of the pen tip with the finger and wrist joint movement was found in hemiplegic handwriting, which was similar to nondominant hand use in the controls. The linkage parameter of hemiplegic handwriting significantly correlated with writing time and kinematic variability of the pen tip movement. Conclusion: Individuals with dominant-hand hemiplegia, in an attempt to produce consistently legible writing, may tighten the joint linkage of the finger and wrist to reduce the freedom of motion to control writing and simultaneously slow their writing speed, potentially resulting in increased kinematic variability of the pen tip movement.

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Section: Fig 4 Correlation Between Kinematic Variability and Proximodistal Linkage In Handwritingmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Parameters Representing Handwriting Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parameters Representing Handwriting Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increased Proximodistal Linkage In Hemiplegic Handwritingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Joint Tightening in Hemiplegic Handwriting

et al. 2020

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“…Recent advances in sensing technology have proposed pens and motion capture tools that can measure writing motion [ 8 , 9 ]. However, previous studies could not set up an experimental environment to measure writing motion because of the special devices and systems required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Accuracy of a Screening System for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Hand Drawing

Watanabe

Koyama

Yamada

et al. 2021

JCM

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When carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), an entrapment neuropathy, becomes severe, thumb motion is reduced, which affects manual dexterity, such as causing difficulties in writing; therefore, early detection of CTS by screening is desirable. To develop a screening method for CTS, we developed a tablet app to measure the stylus trajectory and pressure of the stylus tip when drawing a spiral on a tablet screen using a stylus and, subsequently, used these data as training data to predict the classification of participants as non-CTS or CTS patients using a support vector machine. We recruited 33 patients with CTS and 31 healthy volunteers for this study. From our results, non-CTS and CTS were classified by our screening method with 82% sensitivity and 71% specificity. Our CTS screening method can facilitate the screening for potential patients with CTS and provide a quantitative assessment of CTS.

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Rehabilitation Technologies for Sensory-Motor-Cognitive Impairments

Giannoni

2022

Cerebral Palsy

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Characteristics of Handwriting of People With Cerebellar Ataxia: Three-Dimensional Movement Analysis of the Pen Tip, Finger, and Wrist

Abstract: Ataxic handwriting with increased movement noise is characterized by irregular pen tip movements unconstrained by the finger or wrist. The severity of ataxia is correlated with these unconstrained movements.

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Joint Tightening in Hemiplegic Handwriting

Joint Tightening in Hemiplegic Handwriting

The Accuracy of a Screening System for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Hand Drawing

Rehabilitation Technologies for Sensory-Motor-Cognitive Impairments

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