Characteristics of Hermès flax fibres as a function of their location in the stem and properties of the derived unidirectional composites

Charlet, Karine; Baley, Christophe; Morvan, Claudine; Jernot, Jean‐Paul; Gomina, Moussa; Bréard, Joël

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.03.006

Cited by 349 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Hence, it can be stated that in the present study the variability of strength values is not influenced by the lumen content of the fibres. This is supported by a previous study by Charlet et al [9] where it was shown that the lumen content of flax fibres rarely exceeds 8% and that the variation of mechanical properties is only slightly influenced by changes in the lumen content. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 10…”

Section: Cross Sectional Areasupporting

confidence: 77%

“…A typical approach of evaluating the cross sectional area of the fibres as being circular, and to use the measured fibre "diameter" to calculate the cross-sectional area is a rough approximation since the fibres have a polygonal shape [3,[5][6][7][8]. Furthermore, the fibres are known to vary in their cross sectional area along the fibre length [9]. Altogether, any uncertain evaluation of the cross sectional area brings a variation into the determined mechanical properties of the fibres [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strength variability of single flax fibres

et al. 2011

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Due to the typical large variability in the measured mechanical properties of flax fibres, they are often employed only in low graded composite applications. The present work aims to investigate the reasons for the variability in tensile properties of flax fibres. It is found that the inaccuracy in the determination of the cross sectional area of the fibres is one major reason for the variability in properties. By applying the typical circular fibre area assumption, a considerable error is introduced into the calculated mechanical properties. Experimental data, together with a simple analytical model, are presented to show that the error is increased when the aspect ratio of the fibre cross sectional shape is increased. The variability in properties due to the flax fibres themselves is found to originate from the distribution of defects along the fibres. Two distinctive types of stress-strain behaviour (linear and nonlinear) of the fibres are found to be correlated with the amount of defects. The linear stress-strain curves tend to show higher tensile strength, higher Young's modulus, and lower strain to failure than the nonlinear curves. Finally, the fibres are found to fracture by a complex microscale failure mechanism. Large fracture zones are governed by both surface and internal defects; and these cause cracks to propagate in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Revision of manuscript submitted to Journal of Materials ScienceReference Number JMSC22209 "Strength Variability of Single Flax Fibres" by Aslan et al. Dear EditorThe authors would like to thank the two referees for their constructive comments. The authors have now carefully considered each of the referees' reports which are shown in italic and have taken them into account as described below. Reviewer #1 This is a well-written paper which presents important results with clarity. It complements two papers I have recently seen in refereeing:(1) We have modified the fibre information accordingly at page 3, line 9-13. (1) Thomason et al on 'fibre cross section determination and variability in sisal and flax and its effect on fibre performance characterization' (Composites Science and Technology CSTE-D-11- Response to Reviewer Comments (3) Reference 8 should be Virk AS, Hall W, Summerscales J (not Amandeep, Wayne and Summerscales).This has been changed. (4)There are a few phrases which would benefit from sub-editing by a native English speaker.The manuscript has been corrected by a native English speaker, resulting in a number of grammatical corrections. Reviewer #2 This is a useful contribution to this subject area. There is little doubt that there are issues surrounding the variability in fibre properties and this study is a useful contribution to the debate.(1) It is for this reason that studies of textile fibres use the linear density method of measurement rather than relying upon the dubious notion of a regular (and circular) cross section. This needs to be mentioned in the text.The authors believe that the linear density method whi...

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Section: Cross Sectional Areasupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength variability of single flax fibres

et al. 2011

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“…Baley (2004) and Bos et al (2006) reported that there is a correlation between tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break, and increases in diameter. Charlet et al (2007) presented the evolution of these properties of simple flax fibres according to their diameter and location on the stem. The values observed in this experiment performed in a greenhouse (based on the diameter of fibre used), were comparable with those obtained in other cases.…”

Section: Chlorophyll Crude Fibre and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of soil type and natural Zn chelates on flax response, tensile properties and soil Zn availability

Álvarez

2009

Plant Soil

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“…Although similar mechanisms were observed for both the FF-UD and the CeF-PW NFRP composites, it was apparent that the extent of fibre defibrillation seen on the fracture surfaces of the FF-UD composites was more extensive than for the CeF-PW composites. This is due to the FF being relatively short and interlocked, with the elementary fibres being bonded together with pectin [44,53]. In comparison, the CeF are relatively more uniform and continuous [44], with fewer intrinsic defects.…”

Section: Toughening Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough, natural-fibre composites based upon epoxy matrices

et al. 2015

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Flax fibres and cellulose fibres were used to manufacture composites with particle-modified epoxy matrices in order to develop 'green' composites which possess relatively high values of interlaminar fracture energy, G c . The flax used had a unidirectional architecture of continuous yarns spun from short, interlocked fibres. The regenerated cellulose consisted of continuous and nontwisted pure cellulose fibres in a plain-woven architecture. The natural-fibre-reinforced-polymer (NFRP) composites employed an anhydride-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy as the matrix. The epoxy polymeric matrix was modified with (a) silica nanoparticles, (b) rubber microparticles, and (c) a combination of both of these types of particles to give a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. The composites were manufactured via a resin infusion under flexible-tooling (RIFT) process. Preliminary studies on the NFRP composites manufactured using the initial-RIFT process clearly showed the deleterious effect that moisture present in the natural fibres had upon the properties of the NFRP composites, since the trapped water cannot escape from the composite panel. Hence, an optimised-RIFT process was developed whereby the natural fibres were dried in a fan oven prior to being employed in the RIFT process. This reduced the water content of the fibres from around 9 to 10 wt% to about 1 wt%. Significant improvements in the physical and mechanical properties were recorded for the NFRP composites manufactured using this optimised-RIFT process. Indeed, in particular, very dramatic improvements in the G c of the NFRP composites were measured, especially when the epoxy polymeric matrix was modified using the silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles. For example, a steady-state propagation value of G c of about 1935 J/m 2 was measured for the flax-fibre composite with the hybrid epoxy matrix, compared to values of 1110 and 535 J/m 2 for the flax-fibre and glass-fibre composites based on the unmodified (i.e., the 'control') epoxy matrix, respectively.

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Characteristics of Hermès flax fibres as a function of their location in the stem and properties of the derived unidirectional composites

Cited by 349 publications

References 25 publications

Strength variability of single flax fibres

Strength variability of single flax fibres

Influence of soil type and natural Zn chelates on flax response, tensile properties and soil Zn availability

Tough, natural-fibre composites based upon epoxy matrices

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