Characteristics of Highly Myopic Eyes

Xu, Liang; Li, Yibin; Wang, Shuang; Wang, Yun; Wang, Yaxin; Jonas, Jost B.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.05.071

Cited by 153 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[42][43][44][45][46][47][48] From the results of the Beijing Eye Study, Xu et al 49 reported that the prevalence of both early and late ARM was significantly lower in the highly myopic group. We also analysed the differences in the genotypic distributions for the AMD-associated SNPs by the Trend w 2 test between the pooled elderly (X50 years old) highly myopic cases (HM-CNV group þ HM-control group) and the PB-control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARMS2/HTRA1 and CFH polymorphisms are not associated with choroidal neovascularization in highly myopic eyes of the elderly Japanese population

Nakanishi

Gotoh

Yamada

et al. 2009

Eye

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the genetic risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are associated with the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in highly myopic eyes of elderly Japanese. Methods Highly myopic elderly Japanese patients with and without CNV were genotyped for three AMD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely rs10490924 (A69S) of ARMS2, rs11200638 of HTRA1, and rs1061170 (Y402H) of complement factor H (CFH), with the TaqMan SNP assay. One hundred and eighty-three unrelated highly myopic (axial lengths 426.00 mm or refractive errors 4À6.0 diopters) Japanese patients with CNV who were X50 years of age (mean age ± standard deviation of 62.7 ± 6.3 years) and 170 highly myopic patients without CNV who were X50 years old (62.3±7.1 years) were studied. The differences in the genotypic distributions for the three SNPs between the two groups were tested with the Trend v 2 test, and logistic regression analyses were performed for age and gender adjustment. Results No significant difference was detected in the distribution of the three SNPs, rs10490924 (P40.1), rs11200638 (P40.1), and rs1061170 (P40.5), between the two groups even after adjustments for age and gender differences. Conclusion The genetic risk factors of AMD related to these SNPs do not contribute significantly to the development of CNV in a highly myopic elderly Japanese population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARMS2/HTRA1 and CFH polymorphisms are not associated with choroidal neovascularization in highly myopic eyes of the elderly Japanese population

Nakanishi

Gotoh

Yamada

et al. 2009

Eye

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“…The study has been described in detail recently. 15,16 The Medical Ethics Committee of the Beijing Tongren Hospital had approved the study protocol and all participants had given informed consent, according to the Declaration of Helsinki.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of dry eye among adult Chinese in the Beijing Eye Study

Jin

et al. 2008

Eye

305

198

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Purpose To study the prevalence and associations of dry eye symptoms in adult Chinese. Methods The Beijing Eye Study is a population-based study in northern China, which included 4439 of 5324 subjects invited to participate with an age of 40 þ years (response rate: 83.4%). For the present study, a random sample was taken consisting of 1957(44.1%) subjects (1112 women; 56.9%). Dry eye symptoms were evaluated with (1) an interviewer-assisted questionnaire; (2) measurement of the tear-film break-up time; (3) assessment of the fluorescein staining of the cornea; (4) slit-lamp-based examination of a meibomian gland dysfunction; and (5) Schirmer's test. Results Symptoms of a dry eye felt 'often' or 'at all times' were present in 411 subjects (21.0%). In a multivariate analysis, dry eye symptoms were significantly associated with age (Po0.001), female gender (Po0.001; odds ratio (OR): 1.56; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.23, 1.98), urban region (Po0.001;OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.46, 2.48), low degree of nuclear cataract (P ¼ 0.02), and undercorrection of refractive error (P ¼ 0.005; OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.82). All tests for dry eye did not vary significantly between the dry eye group and the normal group. Conclusions The dry eye symptoms as evaluated subjectively in a questionnaire occurred in about 21% of the adult population in China, with associations to age, female gender, urban region, and undercorrection of a refractive error. Measurement of the tear-film break-up time, assessment of the corneal fluorescein staining, slit-lamp-based examination of a meibomian gland dysfunction, and Schirmer's test were not significantly associated with dry eye symptoms.

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“…[13][14][15] Although in non-highly myopic eyes, the optic disc size is mostly independent or only slightly dependent on axial length, highly axially myopic eyes show a relatively strong association between axial length and optic disc size. 24,25 The enlarged optic disc in highly axially myopic eyes as so-called 'secondary or acquired macrodiscs' can thus be differentiated from 'primary macrodiscs' in nonhighly myopic eyes. The size of primary macrodiscs is not related with axial length nor with age, whereas it is related to the number of retinal pigment epithelium cells, photoreceptors, retinal ganglion cell axons, and number of total size of lamina cribrosa pores.…”

Section: Optic Nerve Headmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological changes of high axial myopia

Jonas

2013

Eye

132

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To describe pathological changes in the anatomy of highly myopic (axially elongated) eyes, enucleated globes were examined by light microscopy and ocular structures were measured histomorphometrically. These studies revealed that highly axially myopic eyes show continuous thinning of the sclera starting at or behind the equator with a maximal thinning at the posterior pole; a profound thinning of the choroid decreasing from B250 to o10 mm in extreme axial myopia, secondary macular defects in the Bruch's membrane associated with a complete loss of retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris, and retinal photoreceptors; a Bruch's membrane of normal thickness in contrast to the profound thinning of the choroid and the sclera; an up to 10-fold elongation and thinning of the peripapillary scleral flange as anterior roof of the orbital cerebrospinal fluid space, and subsequently a retrobulbar extension of the cerebrospinal fluid space; an increased distance of the peripapillary arterial circle of Zinn-Haller to the optic disc border; an elongation and thinning of the lamina cribrosa with a subsequently decreased distance between the intraocular pressure compartment and the retrobulbar orbital cerebrospinal fluid pressure compartment; an increasing exposure of the peripheral posterior lamina cribrosa surface to the cerebrospinal fluid space, no longer buffered by the solid optic nerve tissue; and the development and enlargement of parapapillary gamma zone, in contrast to a myopia-independent parapapillary beta zone. These anatomical changes may be associated with high axial myopia-related complications such as an increased susceptibility of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and myopic retinopathy.

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Characteristics of Highly Myopic Eyes

Cited by 153 publications

References 23 publications

ARMS2/HTRA1 and CFH polymorphisms are not associated with choroidal neovascularization in highly myopic eyes of the elderly Japanese population

ARMS2/HTRA1 and CFH polymorphisms are not associated with choroidal neovascularization in highly myopic eyes of the elderly Japanese population

Prevalence of dry eye among adult Chinese in the Beijing Eye Study

Histological changes of high axial myopia

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