Characteristics of
            <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>
            Colonizing Nonpregnant Adults Support the Opportunistic Nature of Invasive Infections

Martins, Elisabete; Ó, Dulce Nascimento do; Costa, Ana Luísa Marques; Melo‐Cristino, José; Ramírez, Mario

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01082-22

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We found that the abundance of GBS varied by orders of magnitude between individuals with GBS and there was no difference in the carrier frequency or abundance based on gender. These data indicate that GBS is common in the distal GI tracts of the general population, providing further evidence that the distal GI tract is an important reservoir for GBS in the human body [17,28].…”

Section: Subgroup Analysis Of Associations Of Gbs For Self-identified...supporting

confidence: 52%

“…in GBS colonization, considering previous observations of high prevalence of oral GBS colonization [28].…”

Section: Availability Of Data and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The two most robust associations we found after p-value corrections were between lack of dental care and higher iron consumption and increased GBS abundance. Streptococci are known inhabitants of the upper GI tract, including the oral cavity [28,49]. Our finding that a lack of dental care is associated with higher GBS burdens in the stool implies that poor dentition leads to an increase in Streptococci in the oral cavity, which can subsequently be observed more distal in the GI tract [50].…”

Section: Subgroup Analysis Of Associations Of Gbs For Self-identified...mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Despite this morbidity and mortality, little is known about the factors that dictate GBS colonization. GBS has been documented in the GI and UG tracts of non-pregnant adults, where between 9-32% of healthy adults have detectable GBS via oral swab, urine sample, or anorectal swab [24][25][26][27][28]. Although GBS can be found at these body sites, it is unclear what the risk factors are for colonization at these body sites in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Gastrointestinal Group BStreptococcusCarriage in Adults

Cowley,

Chaves,

Osman

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background:Streptococcus agalactiae(Group BStreptococcus, GBS) is a commensal Gram-positive bacterium found in the human gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. Much of what is known about GBS relates to the diseases it causes in pregnant people and neonates. However, GBS is a common cause of disease in the general population with 90% of GBS mortality occurring in non-pregnant people. There are limited data about the predisposing factors for GBS and the reservoirs in the body. To gain an understanding of the determinants of gastrointestinal GBS carriage, we used stool samples and associated metadata to determine the prevalence and abundance of GBS in the gut microbiome of adults and find risk factors for GBS status.Methods:We used 754 stool samples collected from adults in Wisconsin from 2016-2017 to test for the prevalence and abundance of GBS using a Taqman probe-based qPCR assay targeting two GBS-specific genes: cfp and sip. We compared the microbiome compositions of the stool samples by GBS status using 16S rRNA analysis. We compared associations with GBS status and 557 survey variables collected during sample acquisition (demographics, diet, overall health, and reproductive health) using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:We found 137/754 (18%) of participants had detectable GBS in their stool samples with a median abundance of 104 copies per nanogram of starting DNA. There was no difference in GBS status or abundance based on gender. Beta-diversity, Bray-Curtis and Unweighted UniFrac, was significantly different based on carrier status of the participant. Prior to p-value correction, 59/557 (10.6%) survey variables were significantly associated with GBS carrier status and 11/547 (2.0%) variables were significantly associated with abundance (p-value<0.05). After p-value correction, 2/547 (0.4%) variables were associated with GBS abundance: an increased abundance of GBS was associated with a decreased frequency since last dental checkup (p<0.001) and last dental cleaning (p<0.001). Increased GBS abundance was significantly associated with increased frequency of iron consumption (p=0.007) after p-value correction in multivariate models.Conclusions:GBS is found in stool samples from adults in Wisconsin at similar frequencies as pregnant individuals screened with rectovaginal swabs. We did not find associations between risk factors historically associated with GBS in pregnant people, suggesting that risk factors for GBS carriage in pregnancy may differ from those in the general population. We found that frequency of iron consumption and dental hygiene are risk factors for GBS carriage in Wisconsin adults. Given that these variables were not assayed in previous GBS surveys, it is possible they also influence carriage in pregnant people. Taken together, this work serves as a foundation for future work in developing approaches to decrease GBS abundance in carriers.

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Section: Subgroup Analysis Of Associations Of Gbs For Self-identified...supporting

confidence: 52%

“…in GBS colonization, considering previous observations of high prevalence of oral GBS colonization [28].…”

Section: Availability Of Data and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Subgroup Analysis Of Associations Of Gbs For Self-identified...mentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Gastrointestinal Group BStreptococcusCarriage in Adults

Cowley,

Chaves,

Osman

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…We should be attention to each detail of detection procedure and to ensure detection accuracy.This study was conducted to be ignored problem and to make up for the lack of data in this eld.The results shown that it is higher positive detection rate of streptococcus agalactiae with enrichment comapared with without enrichment method. As mentioned in CDC revised consensus guidelines were as many as 50% of streptococcus agalactiae carriers culture results are false negative in without enrichment [35]. Our results shown that the streptococcus agalactiae colonization rate of pregnant women were 8.41%~8.90% with enrichment culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

To Evaluate Impact on Detection Rate of Streptococcus Agalactiae in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

Jiang

Jia

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: The streptococcus agalactiae infectious leading to early neonatal morbidity and mortality,the streptococcus agalactiae screen became an important examination for pregnant women. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends whole detection protocols of isolation and culture on streptococcus agalactiae.However, The essential factors including incubation time of agar plates, enrichment time of broth, and transport media storage conditions be ignored. This study was designed to understand above easy ignored point and to provide scientific proof for optimization detection method, revision of health standards and prevention and control of disease. Methods: The transport medium without and with enrichment were directly inoculated onto Sheep blood agar plate for 24~48 hours. The positive detection rate of streptococcus agalactiae on different incubation time, with and without enrichment were compared,respectively. The transport medium with enrichment were inoculated for 24~48 hours.The positive detection rate of streptococcus agalactiae on different enrichment time were compared. The transport medium were respectively stored at 2℃~8℃ and 20℃~25℃. Interval 24 hours within 5 days, The recovery rate of streptococcus agalactiae on transport medium different storage temptature were compared. The growth of streptococcus agalactiae colonies were examined for pale pink to red, round and pearly colonies. The isolates colonies were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to confirm negative or positive. Results: The overall results shown that the detection rate were significantly higher at 48 hours with directly culture methods (P＜0.01)or after enrichment culture methods (P＜0.05). The detection rate have no difference after enrichment for 24 hours or 48 hours (P＞0.05). The recovery rate of streptococcus agalactiae transport medium (stored at 2℃~8℃) were 100% within 4 days and 83.33% at 5th day. However, the recovery rate of streptococcus agalactiae transport medium (stored at 20℃~25℃) were 100% within 2 days,97.22% at 3th day, 52.78% at 4th day and 33.33% at 5th day, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results suggested that the enrichment culture time was 24 hours, the transport media stable best time is 2 days stored at 20℃~25℃ or 4 days stored at 2℃~8℃, and the best incubation time is 48 hours for streptococcus agalactiae clinical testing in pregnant women.

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