Characteristics of inhalable particulate matter in Alberta cities

Cheng, Lisa Lai‐Shen; Sandhu, Harpinder; Angle, R.P.; Myrick, Rachel

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00046-6

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This can be attributed to the use of road salt. Large seasonal differences in road salt contributions to PM 2.5 mass have also been found by Cheng et al 28 in Alberta. The large increase in soil constituents (Si, Al, Ca, etc.)…”

Section: Comparison Of Sites-estimate Of Localsupporting

confidence: 69%

Regional Transport and Urban Contributions to Fine Particle Concentrations in Southeastern Canada

Brook

Lillyman

Shepherd

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The impact of various atmospheric transport directions on ambient fine particle (PM 2.5 ) concentrations at several sites in southeastern Canada was estimated (for May-September) using back-trajectory analysis. Three-day back trajectories (four per day) were paired with 6-hr average PM 2.5 mass concentrations measured using tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOM). PM 2.5 concentrations at rural locations in the region were affected by nonlocal sources originating in both Canada and the United States. Comparison of sites revealed that, on average, the local contribution to total PM 2.5 in the greater Toronto area (GTA) is approximately 30-35%. At each location, average PM 2.5 concentrations under south/southwesterly flow conditions were 2-4 times higher than under the corresponding northerly flow conditions. The chemical composition of both urban and rural PM 2.5 was determined during two separate 2-week spring/summer measurement campaigns. Components identified included SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, NH 4 + , black carbon and organic carbon (OC), and trace elements. Higher particle mass at the urban Toronto site was composed of a higher proportion of all components. However, black carbon, NO 3 -, NaCl, and trace elements were found to be the most enriched over the rural/regional background levels.

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Section: Comparison Of Sites-estimate Of Localsupporting

confidence: 69%

Regional Transport and Urban Contributions to Fine Particle Concentrations in Southeastern Canada

Brook

Lillyman

Shepherd

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…More details on the PCA method can be found elsewhere. 17,22,23 Furthermore, a literature review on the available information on PM source emission profiles and source apportionment methodology can be found in Alberta Research Council, 5 Harrison et al, 11 Thurston and Spengler, 24 and Cheng et al 25 …”

Section: Pca Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Source Characterization of Atmospheric Heavy Metals in Industrial/Residential Areas: A Case Study in Oman

Abdul‐Wahab

2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Total suspended particulate matter (TSP) was collected from two districts: the Sohar industrial estate (SIE) and a residential area in the case study area in Oman. The TSP collected from SIE was taken from 19 different industrial activities, whereas those collected from the residential area were taken from 12 houses. The samples were analyzed for nine heavy metals: chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel, lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium, vanadium, and molybdenum. The results were used to assess the source classes responsible for TSP and heavy metal levels in the atmosphere of the two districts. At each district, principal component analysis was applied to the concentrations of TSP and heavy metals to obtain the number of principal components. At SIE, three groups of elements were determined. The first component contained large factor loadings in Cu and Mn (Cu industrial processes and reinforcement steel production). The second presented most of the variance of Cr, Pb, and Zn (black and galvanized iron pipes production, mechanical industries, and vehicle construction). The third component was composed of Zn and Pb that probably reflected contributions from motor-vehicle tire wear or was associated with municipal incineration. On the other hand, results from the village showed that only one factor was able to explain the main part of the data variance, and the industrial site was polluting air quality in the village with Cu, Cr, Pb, nickel, and Mn. INTRODUCTIONEmission of heavy metals associated with particulate matter (PM) is a point of concern and care because of the harmful effects of such metals on humans and the environment. 1 Measurement of heavy metals in PM is, therefore, of immense importance for toxicological, environmental, and occupational health studies. 2 Because of their chemical stability, primary heavy metals are good fitting species for mathematical purposes. They are not subjected to transformations during transport from source to receptor. Therefore, the concentrations of metals in atmospheric particles are a function of their sources. In addition, important information relating to sources of PM pollutants can be derived by knowing the chemical composition of airborne PM. 3 For the effective management of air quality, great importance is attached to the identification of the sources of suspended particulates. This is the main objective of source apportionment modeling. 4 Source apportionment, also called receptor modeling, provides an estimate on the PM contribution of various sources to the levels at the receptor. It is a key component necessary for developing and achieving desired air-quality objectives. 5 The method relies on the principle that if a group of chemical constituents have a common origin, they should show a similar variation. It is applied to describe the relationships among different heavy metals. The results of source apportionment can be used to evaluate emission reduction on the PM levels and to devise more efficient emission reduction strategies. 5 Hence, e...

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“…It should be noted that the PM 10 mass as a portion of the TSP would give less concentrations than the corresponding TSP. Long-term measurements at urban areas have shown that, on average, the PM 10 mass concentration composes ϳ63% of TSP in Alberta, Canada 16 and 86% in Australia; 17 in Switzerland, 18 the corresponding value was 74% during the summer and 84% from November 1997 to January 1998. The SO 2 annual arithmetic mean values and winter and annual median values for downtown Thessaloniki are approximately 2 or 3 times higher than the corresponding values for downtown Patras, and only in the suburbs of Thessaloniki are comparable values to downtown Patras observed (Table 6).…”

Section: Comparison With Limit and Guide Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate and Sulfur Dioxide Concentration Measurements in Patras, Greece

Yannopoulos

Skokaki

2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The purpose of this study was to obtain a better assessment of the Patras, Greece, air quality, in terms of the primary pollutants total suspended particulates (TSPs) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), because limited and short-duration measurements have been conducted in the past. Installation and operation of a mobile air monitoring station at two different locations in the Patras downtown area and one location in the outskirts of the city was undertaken and covered the periods July

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Characteristics of inhalable particulate matter in Alberta cities

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Regional Transport and Urban Contributions to Fine Particle Concentrations in Southeastern Canada

Regional Transport and Urban Contributions to Fine Particle Concentrations in Southeastern Canada

Source Characterization of Atmospheric Heavy Metals in Industrial/Residential Areas: A Case Study in Oman

Particulate and Sulfur Dioxide Concentration Measurements in Patras, Greece

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