Characteristics of inner-city children with life-threatening asthma

Asthma and the social determinants of health

“…Low income has been repeatedly linked to increased asthma prevalence, exacerbations, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. [16][17][18][19] Black and Latinx families earn considerably less money than White families, 20 with the US Census Bureau reporting in 2018 a median household income of $41,361 for Black families, $51,450 for Latinx families, and $70,642 for White families. 21 In addition to higher incomes, White families have more family wealth or net financial worth, which takes into account all assets, including money, property, business ownership, and possessions.…”

“…Low income is also a risk factor for asthma treatment failure, asthma exacerbations, and ICU admission for asthma. 16,17 In 1 study, adults with a household income of less than $50,000 had a 1.6-fold higher rate of asthma treatment failure and 2.0-fold higher rate of asthma exacerbations compared with those with a household income greater than or equal to $50,000. 16 In a study of characteristics of life-threatening asthma, children living in extreme poverty (household income < $10,000) had 125% higher odds of having a previous ICU admission for asthma.…”

Health disparities in allergic and immunologic conditions in racial and ethnic underserved populations: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Committee on the Underserved

“…33 Children with high mortality risk, including history of intensive care unit admission, are twice as likely to live in extreme poverty, have atopy (particularly mouse allergy), use combination controller therapy, and overuse albuterol. 34 A number of factors have contributed to poor asthma outcomes in impoverished, minority populations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 34.8% of children and 50% of adults with asthma are uncontrolled as defined by US guidelines.…”

Material Hardship and Indoor Allergen Exposure among Low-Income, Urban, Minority Children with Persistent Asthma

“…Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-known risk factor for asthma morbidity among children, [1][2][3] likely acting through poor health literacy, reduced access to and quality of health care, and increased housing-and neighborhood-related environmental exposures, among other factors. 4 However, traditional measures of SES, such as income and education, do not capture many aspects of poverty.…”