Characteristics of Intracranial Group A Streptococcal Infections in US Children, 1997–2014

Link‐Gelles, Ruth; Toews, Karrie-Ann; Schaffner, William; Edwards, Kathryn M.; Wright, Clive; Beall, Bernard; Barnes, Brenda; Jewell, Brenda; Harrison, Lee H.; Kirley, Pam Daily; Lorentzson, Lauren; Aragon, Deborah; Petit, Susan; Bareta, Joseph; Spina, Nancy; Cieslak, Paul R.; Beneden, Chris Van

doi:10.1093/jpids/piy108

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…PCNSIs were reported to be the most serious complications after craniotomy, with an incidence of varying from 0.9-7.4%, characterized by high incidence, morbidity and mortality [2,[8][9][10][11]. In present study, we reported an incidence of PCNSI was 1.5%, which was similar to those previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A retrospective study of prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of neurosurgical patients in a Shanghai tertiary hospital

Liu

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Postoperative central nervous system infections (PCNSIs) are serious complications following neurosurgery. Effective management of the infections depends on the identification of causative pathogens and the antibiotic sensitivities. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features, causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing results, which could help clinicians to initiate appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted over a period of 3.5 years (from January 2016 to July 2019). All in-patients admitted neurosurgery and ICU meeting the inclusion criteria of PCNSIs were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, type of neurosurgery, laboratory data, causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were analyzed.Results: A total of 1500 patients underwent operation during this study. Twenty-three patients with 34 isolates out of 79 patients with 157 CSF culture samples were available for data analysis. The estimated incidence and culture-positive rate of PCNSIs were approximately 1.5% and 29.1%, respectively. The predominant organism was coagulase-negative staphylococci, of which most were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS). All were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampicin. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent causative Gram-negative agent and was resistant to 14 out of 17 antimicrobials tested. The sensitivity rates for amikacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and minocycline were only 44, 44, and 11%, respectively.Conclusions: The MRCoNS were the predominant organism for PCNSIs. The management of Acinetobacter baumannii could be a major clinical challenge with few effective antimicrobials in PCNSIs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A retrospective study of prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of neurosurgical patients in a Shanghai tertiary hospital

Liu

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…As a result, the incidence and clinical relevance of AM significantly declined. Starting at values up to 20%, the percentage of progression from AOM to AM declined to 0.4%, while the need for hospitalization was halved [3]. This explains why the focus on AM was reduced for many years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Mastoiditis Associated with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Pediatric Population of the Umbria Region, Italy

et al. 2019

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Acute mastoiditis (AM) is the most common complication of acute otitis media (AOM) and is one of the most severe acute bacterial diseases in infants and children. In some geographic areas, the incidence of AM is increasing, and the causative role of some bacterial pathogens could be greater than previously thought. In this paper, the results of a study that evaluated the epidemiology and microbial etiology of paediatric AM in Umbria, which is a region of central Italy, are reported. This is a retrospective study of patients aged 0–14 years with AM admitted to the pediatric wards of the hospitals of Umbria, Italy, between June 1 and September 30 in four consecutive years (2015–2018). A total of 108 children were enrolled. The prevalence of AM in males during the four years of analysis was significantly higher than that in females at 63% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.54–0.72). The most frequently affected age groups were 5–9 years (45.4%) and 10–14 years (31.5%), with statistically significant differences in comparison with children aged <1 year (5.6%, 95% CI: 0.01–0.10) and 1–4 years (17.6%, 95% CI: 0.10–0.25). In most cases (64, 59.3%), AM was associated with spontaneous tympanic membrane perforation (STP). The culture of the middle ear fluid revealed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 56 cases (51.6%). The mean incidence rates of pediatric AM in Umbria during the study increased significantly with time, as it was 18.18/100,000 children/year in 2015–2016 and 29.24/100,000 children/year in 2017–2018 (CI difference: +2.5 – +19.9, p < 0.05). The incidence rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa detection in pediatric AM associated with STP significantly increased with time. The incidence was 6.06/100,000 children/year in 2015–2016 and 18.61/100,000 children/year in 2017–2018 (CI difference: +6.1 – +19.0, p < 0.001). This study demonstrated the high and increasing incidence of AM in the Umbria region during the summer months and the frequent detection of P. aeruginosa as an etiologic agent of the disease in the presence of STP. Confirmation of these results with a larger study population, in different settings, and throughout the whole year is needed to define the first-line approach of AM with STP in pediatrics.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports regarding seasonal variations in patients with MN, and although our study suggests that renal dysfunction is more common during spring than during the other seasons, it was difficult to identify a mechanism or hypothesis to support this finding. For PIAGN, a causal relationship with streptococcal infections has been suggested, which increases the number of cases and exacerbates the disease during winter 32 , 33 . However, the results of the present study did not appear to be statistically significant owing to the small number of study participants 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in renal biopsy numbers and primary glomerular disease features based on the Japan renal biopsy registry

Kanzaki

Tsuboi²,

Yokoo³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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We analyzed the seasonal variations in the number of renal biopsies and clinical characteristics of primary glomerular disease in Japan using the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR). We retrospectively collected clinical and pathological data of patients with primary glomerular disease who were registered in the J-RBR between 2007 and 2018. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), membranous nephropathy (MN), and postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis (PIAGN) constituted the four major glomerular disorders included in this study (total, 13,989; IgAN, 9121; MCNS, 2298; MN, 2447; and PIAGN, 123). The number of patients with IgAN or MCNS was higher during summer. However, no overt seasonal variations were observed in patients with MN or PIAGN. Subgroup analyses suggested that in the patients with IgAN, more renal biopsies of severe cases were performed during winter, probably owing to age and blood pressure. Furthermore, more renal biopsies of severe cases were performed during spring and winter in patients with MCNS even after adjusting for the abovementioned host factors. This study suggests that seasonal factors influence the decision to perform renal biopsy as well as the pathogenesis of primary glomerular disease. Thus, our findings may provide important insights regarding the pathophysiology of primary glomerular disease.

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Characteristics of Intracranial Group A Streptococcal Infections in US Children, 1997–2014

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

A retrospective study of prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of neurosurgical patients in a Shanghai tertiary hospital

A retrospective study of prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of neurosurgical patients in a Shanghai tertiary hospital

Acute Mastoiditis Associated with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Pediatric Population of the Umbria Region, Italy

Seasonal variations in renal biopsy numbers and primary glomerular disease features based on the Japan renal biopsy registry

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