Characteristics of mesoscale-convective-system-produced extreme rainfall over southeastern South Korea: 7 July 2009

Lee

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

2018

Among the meteorological disasters, heavy rainfalls cause the second largest damage in Korea, following typhoons. To manage the potential disasters due to heavy rainfalls, understanding the observational characteristics of precipitation is of utmost importance. In this study, we investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of warmseason precipitation in Korea, according to the precipitation types, by conducting the geostatistical analyses such as an autocorrelogram, Moran's I and general G on the composite (radar + station) precipitation data. The e-folding distance of precipitation ranges from 15 to 35 km, depending on the spatial distribution, rather than intensity, of precipitation, whereas the e-folding time ranges from 1 to 2 h. The directional analyses revealed that the warm-season precipitation systems in Korea, especially those with a high precipitation amount, have high spatial autocorrelations in the southwest-northeast and west-east directions, in association with the frontal rainfalls, convection bands, etc. Furthermore, the cluster versus dispersion patterns and the hot versus cold spots are analyzed through Moran's I and general G, respectively. Water vapor, represented by the brightness temperature, from three Himawari-8 water vapor bands also shows similar characteristics with precipitation but with strong spatial correlation over a much longer distance (∼ 100 km), possibly due to the continuity of water vapor. We found that, under the e-folding-based standard, the current observation network of Korea is sufficient to capture the characteristics of most precipitation systems; however, under a strict stan-dard (e.g., autocorrelation of 0.6), a higher-resolution observation network is essentially required -especially in local areas with frequent heavy rainfalls -depending on the directional features of precipitation systems. Establishing such an observation network based on the characteristics of precipitation enables us to improve monitoring, tracking, and prediction skills of high-impact weather phenomena as well as to enhance the utilization of numerical weather prediction.

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geostatistical assessment of warm-season precipitation observations in Korea based on the composite precipitation and satellite water vapor data

Lee

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

2018

“…These :::: They : are considered to be strongly linked to the frontal rainfalls, convection bands, etc. (e.g., Sun and Lee, 2002;Kim and Lee, 2006;Lee et al, 2008;Jeong et al, 2012Jeong et al, , 2016Jung and Lee, 2013). In terms of the summertime heavy precipitation systems over the Korean Peninsula, Lee and Kim (2007) classified them into four major types such as isolated thunderstorms, convection bands, squall lines and cloud clusters, whereas Song and Sohn (2015) classified them into two types: the cold type characterized by an eastward moving cloud system with an oval shape, and the warm type with a comparatively wide spatial distribution over an area extending from the southwest to northeast.…”

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geostatistical assessment of summertime rainfall observations in Korea based on composite precipitation and satellite water vapor data

Lee

2018

Preprint

Abstract. Among the meteorological disasters, heavy rainfalls cause the second largest damage in Korea, following typhoons. To confront with the potential disasters due to heavy rainfalls, understanding the observational characteristics of precipitation is of utmost importance. In this study, we investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of summertime precipitation in Korea, according to the precipitation types, by conducting the geostatistical analyses such as autocorrelogram, Moran's I and general G, on the composite (radar + station) precipitation data. The e-folding distance of precipitation ranges from 15 to 35 km, depending on the spatial distribution, rather than intensity, of precipitation, whereas the e-folding time ranges from 1 to 2 h. The directional analyses revealed that the summertime precipitation in Korea has high spatial correlations in the southwest–northeast and west–east directions, mainly due to frontal rainfalls during the monsoon season. Furthermore, the cluster versus dispersion patterns and the hot versus cold spots are analyzed through Moran's I and general G, respectively. Water vapor, represented by the brightness temperature, from three Himawari-8 water vapor bands also show similar characteristics with precipitation but with strong spatial correlation over much longer distance (~ 100 km), possibly due to the continuity of water vapor. We found that, under the e-folding-based standard, the current observation network of Korea is sufficient to capture the characteristics of most precipitation systems; however, under a strict standard (e.g., autocorrelation of 0.6), a higher-resolution observation network is essentially required – especially in local areas with frequent heavy rainfalls – depending on the directional features of precipitation systems. Establishing such an observation network based on the characteristics of precipitation enables us to improve monitoring/tracking/prediction skills of high-impact weather phenomena as well as to enhance the utilization of numerical weather prediction.

“…As one form of convective clouds, mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are responsible for most of the heavy rainfall events (Doswell et al 1996;Choi et al 2011;Jeong et al 2016). The MCS is a cloud system that is associated with a complex of convective system and produces an adjacent rainfall area about 100 km in at least one direction in horizontal scale (Houze 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of two mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the Greater Jakarta: case of heavy rainfall period 15–18 January 2013

et al. 2019

Two different mesoscale convective system (MCS) events that produced the heavy rainfall over the Greater Jakarta (GJ) during 15-18 January 2013 period were investigated. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the atmospheric conditions of two different MCSs during the heavy rainfall. Data consist of 3 hourly rainfalls of meteorological stations, infrared satellite, sounding, 6-hourly surface wind and reanalysis data. The first MCS was developed at 16:00 LT on 14 January 2013 over the eastern coast of Sumatra covered an area of 249,732 km 2 at maximum size, with about 16 h durations. The next MCS was developed at 22:00 LT on 16 January 2013 over the northern coast of the GJ in 9 h of duration, and maximum covered area around 55,829 km 2 . A warmer and moist air was observed on the low-level layer in the evening of 16 January 2013 (prior of second MCS), in comparison to 14 January 2013 event. Combination of both the surface strong wind perturbation and equivalent potential temperature in the second MCS might be contributed to heavy rainfall over the GJ than the first one. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.