Characteristics of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Hospital Wastewater in Tehran, Iran

Torabi, Mina; Rahimi, Forough

doi:10.52547/iem.7.3.3

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Resistance to macrolides and lincosamides was detected in 22 (78.5%) out of 28 isolates and was possibly conferred by the ermA (n = 2), ermB (n = 4) or ermC (n = 20) or a combination of those genes. High frequency of resistance to macrolides and lincosamides was also reported in other studies investigating the antimicrobial resistance of MRSA strains isolated from hospital wastewater [32,39,40]. Lim et al have shown that among the erm genes conferring resistance to erythromycin, only ermC was transmissible after transformation experiments which may explain the high prevalence of ermC gene in our study [41].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulencesupporting

confidence: 84%

High Frequency of the EMRSA-15 Clone (ST22-MRSA-IV) in Hospital Wastewater

et al. 2022

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Hospital wastewaters often carry multidrug-resistant bacteria and priority pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes present in wastewaters may reach the natural environment facilitating their spread. Thus, we aimed to isolate MRSA from wastewater of 3 hospitals located in the north of Portugal and to characterize the isolates regarding the antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages. A total of 96 wastewater samples were collected over six months. The water was filtered, and the filtration membrane was immersed in BHI broth supplemented with 6.5% of NaCl and incubated. The inoculum was streaked in ORSAB agar plates for MRSA isolation. The isolates susceptibility testing was performed against 14 antimicrobial agents. The presence of resistance and virulence genes was accessed by PCR. Molecular typing was performed in all isolates. From the 96 samples, 28 (29.2%) were MRSA-positive. Most isolates had a multidrug-resistant profile and carried the mecA, blaZ, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIIa, ermA, ermB, ermC, tetL, tetM, dfrA dfrG and catpC221 genes. Most of the isolates were ascribed to the immune evasion cluster (IEC) type B. The isolates belonged to ST22-IV, ST8-IV and ST105-II and spa-types t747, t1302, t19963, t6966, t020, t008 and tOur study shows that MRSA can be found over time in hospital wastewater. The wastewater treatment processes can reduce the MRSA load. The great majority of the isolates belonged to ST22 and spa-type t747 which suggests the fitness of these genetic lineages in hospital effluents.

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Section: Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulencesupporting

confidence: 84%

High Frequency of the EMRSA-15 Clone (ST22-MRSA-IV) in Hospital Wastewater

et al. 2022

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The Threat of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Aquatic Environment via Wastewater Generated from Healthcare Facilities

Olumide Adekanmbi,

Olamilekan Adesola,

Olutoyin Adeyemi

et al. 2023

Bacterial Infectious Diseases Annual Volume 2023

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In most developing countries of the world and few advanced ones, wastewater are discharged into the environment without any form of treatment, thus exposing the general public to hazardous chemicals, residual antibiotics, heavy metals and so many antimicrobial compounds. This chapter deals with the threat posed by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) introduced into the aquatic ecosystem via wastewater generated from the operations of healthcare facilities. It focuses more on the microbiology and composition of wastewater from the hospital environment, and the role they played as a stimulant for the development of resistance in bacteria, while also emphasizing their roles as important reservoirs of MRSA in the aquatic environment. The epidemiology of MRSA in wastewater discharge from low-middle and high -income countries was examined, with another dig at the public health significance of these organisms in the water environment. The concluding part dwells heavily on the management and control strategies from the authors’ perspective, and this includes the one-health approach and the enactment of Government policies to control the indiscriminate discharge of untreated wastewater from the healthcare settings into receiving water bodies.

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Characterization of Clonal Groups of Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Isfahan, Iran

Mostafavi,

Rahimi,

Khashei

2024

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Over the past decades, the role of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus strains in urinary tract infections (UTIs) has garnered significant attention. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics and diversity of S. aureus strains isolated from patients with UTIs in Isfahan, Iran, in 2017, with regard to their antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and phylogenetic profiles. Additionally, the study investigated potential relationships among these factors statistically to develop efficient control and treatment approaches. Methods: All patients with symptomatic UTIs who had positive urine cultures for S. aureus during the study period at the laboratory of a referral hospital in Isfahan were included. All isolates were identified using specific primers for the nucA gene. Their biofilm formation capacity was evaluated using a combination of the microtiter plate and Congo-red agar methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. The presence of genes involved in biofilm formation and resistance to cefoxitin, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, agr typing, and phene plate (PhP) typing were employed to investigate the diversity of collected strains. Results: Results showed that 19%, 57%, and 24% of confirmed S. aureus strains were strong, intermediate, and non-biofilm formers, respectively. The highest rate of resistance was against nalidixic acid (77%), followed by streptomycin (73%). The icaD and icaA genes had the highest frequency among biofilm-producing strains. gyrA (44%) and grlA (35%) were the most frequent genes among fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, while aph(3′)-IIIa was the most prevalent aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme gene. The majority of bacterial strains harbored SCCmec type III and agr type I. PhP typing of strains revealed the presence of 8 common types (CTs) and 14 single types (STs), with CT2 being the dominant type. Conclusions: The present investigation revealed various biofilm production capacities, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and clonal lineages in S. aureus isolated from patients with UTIs. These findings provide further insights into the epidemiology and pathogenicity of S. aureus strains in Iran, thereby improving the quality of surveillance and therapeutic protocols.

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Characteristics of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Hospital Wastewater in Tehran, Iran

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

High Frequency of the EMRSA-15 Clone (ST22-MRSA-IV) in Hospital Wastewater

High Frequency of the EMRSA-15 Clone (ST22-MRSA-IV) in Hospital Wastewater

The Threat of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Aquatic Environment via Wastewater Generated from Healthcare Facilities

Characterization of Clonal Groups of Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Isfahan, Iran

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