Characteristics of Nitric-Oxide Emissions from Traditional Flame and MILD Combustion Operating in a Laboratory-Scale Furnace

Shu, Zheng; Wang, Feifei; Dai, Chong; Si, Jiahui; Wáng, Bó; Mi, Jianchun

doi:10.1007/s11630-020-1235-0

Cited by 16 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For example, the premixed MILD combustion produces below 3% of the NO x emission from the bluff-body (BB) flame for the numerical JHC cases. 101 Experimentally, as measured by Shu et al, 132 the NO emission from the in-furnace MILD flame is less than 5−10% of that from the corresponding BB flame under the same operational conditions.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Figure 37 shows the results for the premixed MILD combustion versus the traditional bluff-body flame. 132 It is demonstrated that, excluding the N 2 O-intermediate route, all other [NO] i for the traditional flame are considerably greater than those for the MILD combustion, even at the same T RZ . In particular, the traditional flame's [NO] thermal is 2−3 orders of magnitude greater than that for MILD combustion.…”

Section: Enclosed Furnace Mild Combustion and Itsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These authors also noted that the NO-reburning cannot be ignored because its presence may reduce the total NO emission by up to 35%. Likewise, Shu et al 132…”

Section: Enclosed Furnace Mild Combustion and Itsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Review on MILD Combustion of Gaseous Fuel: Its Definition, Ignition, Evolution, and Emissions

Wang

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Combustion of fossil fuels has been continuously generating over 70% of the total energy for our human society, concurrently emitting vastly greenhouse gases and ecologically harmful pollutants. To mitigate the adverse issue, combustion technologies of a new type were successfully developed and debuted around 1990, associated with various terms of "flameless oxidation (FLOX)", "flameless combustion (FLC)", "high-temperature air combustion (HiTAC)", and "moderate and intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion". These combustion processes may be regarded as similar or the same class of combustion, because they all involve high preheat and deep dilution of individual reactants (nonpremixed) or the reactant mixture (premixed), prior to main combustion reactions, with high-temperature flue gases (burnt products) internally and/or externally. Very significantly, all of these combustion technologies can simultaneously achieve high efficiency and ultralow emissions of nitric oxides (NOx), light, and noise. This class of combustion has been frequently unified as "MILD combustion". Highly worthy to note, as a particular type of combustion, the MILD combustion has thus far been most extensively explored, resulting in many hundreds to 1000 academic articles published by various energy-related journals and conferences. The present review summarizes the research progress in the gaseous-fuel MILD combustion on its definition, ignition, evolution, and NOx emissions, specifically, through its aspects associated with open jet flames in hot coflow and industrial flames in combustion chamber or furnace. Also, discussions are provided on the relevant terminologies, existing problems, and further fundamental issues.

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Section: Concluding Remarks and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Enclosed Furnace Mild Combustion and Itsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Review on MILD Combustion of Gaseous Fuel: Its Definition, Ignition, Evolution, and Emissions

Wang

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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“…The measuring uncertainty is within ±(2% + 0.2 vol %) for O 2 , ±(5% + 10 ppmv) for CO, ±(3% + 0.3 vol %) for CO 2 , and ±(5% + 2 ppmv) for NO. For the detailed information of the equipment and data processing, one can also refer to our previous work …”

Section: Experimental and Numerical Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study on Moderate or Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution Oxy-Combustion of Methane in a Laboratory-Scale Furnace under N₂, CO₂, and H₂O Dilutions

Wang

Shu

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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This paper reports an experimental and numerical study on the moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) oxy-combustion characteristics of burning methane in a non-premixed cylindrical furnace. Specifically, the present work aims to investigate the effects of different diluents (N2, CO2, and H2O) and oxygen concentrations in the oxidant (or the dilution level) on flame stability, combustion, emission, and radiation heat transfer characteristics. Results show that CO2 and H2O dilutions, even for a high oxygen concentration of 30%, are more beneficial than N2 dilution for realizing the flameless MILD oxy-combustion. Specially, the CO2 dilution results in the most uniform in-furnace temperature distribution and the lowest peak temperature, as well as the most uniform radiation heat transfer on the furnace wall. Moreover, the H2O dilution leads to the lowest CO and NO emissions and the largest proportion of radiation in heat transfer on the furnace wall. Nevertheless, although N2 is superior to CO2 and H2O as a diluent for establishing stable MILD combustion at low oxygen levels, the oxygen-enriched MILD-N2 combustion exhibits quite high NOx emissions. In addition, it is interestingly found that the previous criteria of Cavaliere and de Joannon (Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2004, 30, 329–366) and Wünning and Wünning (Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 1997, 23, 81–94) for flameless MILD combustion cannot apply under the N2 dilution but still work under CO2 and H2O dilutions for high oxygen concentrations.

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“…A typical relationship between combustion chamber wall temperature and NOx emissions at a constant thermal input power is exponential. 51 Regarding this, a suitable combustion chamber wall temperature has to be maintained. Moreover, the D 0CC ∕D 0 -ratio has to be kept approximately constant to maintain aerodynamic similarity.…”

Section: Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short overview on combustion systems scale‐up with emphasis on NOx emissions of gas‐fired furnaces

Drubetskoi

Eckart

Krause

2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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Characteristics of Nitric-Oxide Emissions from Traditional Flame and MILD Combustion Operating in a Laboratory-Scale Furnace

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Review on MILD Combustion of Gaseous Fuel: Its Definition, Ignition, Evolution, and Emissions

Review on MILD Combustion of Gaseous Fuel: Its Definition, Ignition, Evolution, and Emissions

Experimental and Numerical Study on Moderate or Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution Oxy-Combustion of Methane in a Laboratory-Scale Furnace under N₂, CO₂, and H₂O Dilutions

Short overview on combustion systems scale‐up with emphasis on NOx emissions of gas‐fired furnaces

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Characteristics of Nitric-Oxide Emissions from Traditional Flame and MILD Combustion Operating in a Laboratory-Scale Furnace

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Review on MILD Combustion of Gaseous Fuel: Its Definition, Ignition, Evolution, and Emissions

Review on MILD Combustion of Gaseous Fuel: Its Definition, Ignition, Evolution, and Emissions

Experimental and Numerical Study on Moderate or Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution Oxy-Combustion of Methane in a Laboratory-Scale Furnace under N2, CO2, and H2O Dilutions

Short overview on combustion systems scale‐up with emphasis on NOx emissions of gas‐fired furnaces

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Product

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Experimental and Numerical Study on Moderate or Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution Oxy-Combustion of Methane in a Laboratory-Scale Furnace under N₂, CO₂, and H₂O Dilutions