Characteristics of patients diagnosed with renal vein thrombosis and glomerulopathy: a case series

Abstract

Clinically significant RVT in patients with glomerulopathy appears to be a rather rare entity, occurring predominantly in patients with severe nephrotic syndrome due to idiopathic membranous nephropathy and membranous nephropathy secondary to autoimmune disease.

Direct oral anticoagulants for unusual‐site venous thromboembolism

“…Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is around 30 times less frequent than lower limb DVT 90 but is the most frequent non–catheter‐related thrombosis in neonates 91,92 . The most common risk factor for RVT is nephrotic syndrome, especially membranous glomerulonephritis 93 . Other risk factors include malignancies (particularly renal cell carcinoma), surgery (including urological procedures and kidney transplantation), and abdominal trauma or infections 90,94,95 .…”

“…However, acute manifestations are rare, and RVT has usually a chronic onset or can be an incidental finding 96 . Possible complications of RVT include progression into the inferior vena cava (43%‐65% of cases), which increases the risk of embolization 90,93,94 . Long‐term renal damage and hypertension have also been described 91,97 .…”

“…In line with the management of usual‐site VTE, acute RVT is usually treated with parenteral anticoagulation (UFH/LMWH), eventually followed by VKAs 82 . Recent studies reported a definite anticoagulant treatment duration of 3‐12 months in patients with RVT provoked by a transient risk factor and a longer indefinite duration in those with permanent hypercoagulable states (including persistent nephrotic syndrome) or unprovoked RVT 93,94,96 …”

“…91,92 The most common risk factor for RVT is nephrotic syndrome, especially membranous glomerulonephritis. 93 Other risk factors include malignancies (particularly renal cell carcinoma), surgery (including urological procedures and kidney transplantation), and abdominal trauma or infections. 90,94,95 Finally, approximately 12% of RVTs are classified as unprovoked.…”

“…96 Possible complications of RVT include progression into the inferior vena cava (43%-65% of cases), which increases the risk of embolization. 90,93,94 Long-term renal damage and hypertension have also been described. 91,97 Bilateral RVT can lead to acute renal failure and can be life threatening, especially in small infants.…”