Characteristics of pediatric inpatients with primary and secondary hypertension

Chen, Yijun; Ye, Peiyu; Liu, Xiaorong; Gong, Chunxiu; Li, Caifeng; Yuan, Yongyi; Zheng, Huyong; Xu, Xin; Dong, Hongbo; Kong, Qin; Yan, Yinkun; Mi, Jie

doi:10.1002/ped4.12249

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In our study, more than half of pediatric hypertensive children were secondary hypertension. This proportion was much higher than previous studies conducted in primary care (1.2∼7.2%), schools, and referral clinics (11.5∼30.3%) [19], but lower than those conducted among some hospitalized inpatients (68.8∼99.0%) (Supplemental Table 4, http://links.lww.com/HJH/C254) [10,20–32]. This variation may result from differences in study settings, age range, and diagnostic criteria of hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Clinical characteristics of pediatric hypertension: a multicenter study in China

Chen,

Ye,

Dong

et al. 2023

Journal of Hypertension

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Objectives: Hypertension in children has attracted increasing attention. However, clinical-based studies investigating characteristics and secular trends of pediatric hypertension remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and secular trends of different types of hypertension among hospitalized children in China. Methods: This retrospective analysis was based on medical records from nine tertiary children's hospitals in China during 2010∼2020. A total of 5847 pediatric inpatients (aged <18 years) with the diagnosis of hypertension were enrolled. Information on the clinical characteristics of each patient was obtained from their first admission records. Results: During the past decade, secondary hypertension sustained to be the dominant type of hypertension in children, with the proportion increased from 51.2% during 2010∼2015 to 59.8% during 2016∼2020. The main causes of secondary hypertension were neurologic disorders in children aged 0∼2 years, which changed to renal diseases after 3 years of age. Compared with primary hypertension, secondary hypertension was common in girls (43.1 vs. 23.3%) and children under 5 years of age (32.2 vs. 2.1%). Moreover, over four-fifths of primary hypertensive individuals had obesity and obesity-related comorbidities, and the proportion of clusters of one or more comorbidities increased in the past decade (79.7 → 85.2%). Conclusion: Secondary hypertension sustained to be the dominant type of hypertension among children, especially in girls. Renal diseases were the most common causes of secondary hypertension in children, followed by rheumatic immune diseases. For primary hypertension, over four-fifths of inpatients had obesity and obesity-related diseases, and the proportion kept rising.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Clinical characteristics of pediatric hypertension: a multicenter study in China

Chen,

Ye,

Dong

et al. 2023

Journal of Hypertension

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“…[41] The adjusted OR of hypertension among the participants with a high frequency of all soy food intake (> 3 times/week) was de- [30] AAP 2017 refers to "United States Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents" updated by American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2017. [34] JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND DISEASES IN CHINA (2022) creased by 17% (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97) compared to those with low intake (0-1 times/week). Hyperuricemia Data of 8,807 children aged 6-16 years in Beijing were obtained from a 2-year follow-up cohort study, School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program (SCVBH), to investigate the relationship of uric acid (UA) with the incidence risk of hypertension.…”

Section: Dietary Nutrition and Metabolic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chinese references 2017 refers to "Blood Pressure References by Age and Height for Chinese Children Aged 3-17 Years" published in 2017 [30]. AAP 2017 refers to "United States Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents" updated by American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2017 [34].…”

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confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China

2024

Journal of Geriatric Cardiology

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The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China (2022) intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in China. This section dissects cardiovascular risk factors in China which including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and air pollution. Hypertension prevalence has steadily increased in China, with efforts to control it facing challenges in achieving optimal rates, especially in rural areas. Interventions like salt substitutes and intensive blood pressure control show promise but need improvement. Abnormal lipid levels, indicative of dyslipidemia, have risen significantly, posing a risk for cardiovascular diseases. Despite efforts, many patients struggle to achieve target lipid levels, necessitating improved treatment strategies. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus affect millions of adults in China, with long-term complications adding to the disease burden. Early intervention and effective management are crucial to mitigate its impact. Prevalent among older adults, chronic kidney disease is associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, necessitating comprehensive management approaches. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, characterized by a cluster of risk factors, has increased in both adults and adolescents, calling for lifestyle modifications and public health interventions. Ambient and household air pollution remain significant environmental risk factors, despite some improvements in air quality. Continued efforts to reduce emissions are essential for mitigating associated health risks. Addressing these risk factors requires a multifaceted approach, including public health initiatives, policy interventions, and individual-level strategies to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce environmental exposures. Surveillance and research efforts are crucial for monitoring trends and developing effective strategies to lessen the burden of cardiovascular diseases in China.CARDIOVASCULAR

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“…In recent years, primary HT has been increasingly reported in parallel to the increase in the prevalence of obesity in children. It is detected in approximately two‐thirds of children referred for HT evaluation in the United States 4,5 . It is the most common diagnosis in school‐aged children and adolescents who have a family history of HT, or who are overweight or obese 6 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is detected in approximately two-thirds of children referred for HT evaluation in the United States. 4,5 It is the most common diagnosis in school-aged children and adolescents who have a family history of HT, or who are overweight or obese. 6 Similarly, the prevalence of HT is reported to be 11.4% in obese children and 5.6% in non-obese children in Turkey.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of COVID‐19 restriction on metabolic syndrome in primary hypertension

Leventoğlu

Şişik

Çelik

et al. 2022

Pediatrics International

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Background Primary hypertension (HT) has been increasingly reported in parallel to the increase in the prevalence of obesity in children, both of which are important components of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID‐19 restrictions, which are believed to induce lifestyle changes and physical inactivity, on the parameters of metabolic syndrome in children with primary hypertension. Methods This was an observational, pre‐post study conducted on pediatric patients with primary HT. The first phase of the study was the period prior to when COVID‐19 restrictions were put in place in Turkey, and the second phase was up to the date when the restrictions were lifted. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, laboratory tests, and hypertensive‐mediated organ damage at both phases of the study were compared. Results Severe restrictions due to the COVID‐19 pandemic were associated with an increase in mean ± standard deviation body mass index (BMI) (26.4 ± 7.3 vs. 27.2 ± 7.1, P = 0.002), antihypertensive drug use (n = 53 (57.6%) vs. n = 59 (64.1%), P < 0.0001), fasting blood glucose level (89.4 ± 12.6 vs. 94.1 ± 14.2, P = 0.013), and a borderline elevation in total cholesterol (21 [22.8%] vs. 28 [30.4%], P < 0.0001). These increases negatively affected end organs, with an increased frequency of interventricular septum hypertrophy (n = 12 [13%] vs. n = 17 [18.5%], P = 0.031). Conclusions COVID‐19 restrictions were associated with an increased risk of parameters associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with primary hypertension. Physicians should carefully monitor the weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose level, and total cholesterol levels in patients during periods of movement/activity restrictions such as during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

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Characteristics of pediatric inpatients with primary and secondary hypertension

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Clinical characteristics of pediatric hypertension: a multicenter study in China

Clinical characteristics of pediatric hypertension: a multicenter study in China

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China

The effect of COVID‐19 restriction on metabolic syndrome in primary hypertension

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