Characteristics of PM2.5 Haze Episodes Revealed by Highly Time-Resolved Measurements at an Air Pollution Monitoring Supersite in Korea

Abstract

Hourly measurements of PM 2.5 , organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), inorganic ionic species, and elemental constituents were made between February 1 and March 31, 2011, at a South Area Supersite at Gwangju, Korea. Over the two-month study period, daily PM 2.5 mass concentration exceeded the 24-hr average Korean NAAQS of 50.0 μg/m 3 on 20 days, of which two pollution episodes (episodes I and II) are investigated. Episode I (February 01-08) is associated with regional pollution along with wild fire smoke emissions over southern China, and also characterized by high CO/NO x ratios and high K + concentrations. While episode II (March 11-12) is characterized by locally produced pollution with low CO/NO x ratios, and broad variations in OC, EC, and NO 3 -concentrations. For episode I, the 1-hr PM 2.5 mass concentration ranged from 27 to 159 μg/m 3 with a mean of 88 μg/m . Hourly maximum contributions of SO 4 2-and NO 3 -to the PM 2.5 mass were 54 and 66%, respectively. An elevated NO 3 -concentration was observed along with high OC and EC concentrations, suggesting the influence of local emissions. The pattern of SO 4 2-variations in relation to wind direction and the strong correlation between SO 2 and SO 4 2-suggest local SO 2 emissions were likely an important source of SO 4 2-at the site.

Investigation of PM_2.5 Pollution Episodes in Gwangju

“…작용 때문에 오래전부터 많은 관심을 가져왔다 (Sun et al, 2014;Tian et al, 2014;Park et al, 2013a;Zhang et al, 2013;Duan et al, 2012;Tan et al, 2009;Kang et al, 2004 (Park et al, 2013a;Won et al, 2010;Park et al, 2005), SO 4 2-입자는 주로 광역적 오염원의 장거리 이동 중 SO 2 의 대기변환과정을 통하여 생성되 며 여름에 발생하는 PM 2.5 의 고농도 현상의 원인물질 이 된다 (Won et al, 2010). 관련이 있다고 하였다 (Zhang et al, 2013;Duan et al, 2012;Okuda et al, 2004).…”

“…관련이 있다고 하였다 (Zhang et al, 2013;Duan et al, 2012;Okuda et al, 2004). 따라서 국내에서 대기 중의 (Park et al, 2013a;Park and Cho, 2011 Yu et al, 2015). (Park et al, 2013b;Heo et al, 2009;Park et al, 2008 , and between NO 2 and NO 3 -for winter episodes "A" and "B".…”

Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia

“…The results for source apportionment from PMF model were similar when either S or SO 4 2-was used. (Hueglin et al, 2005;Park et al, 2013). Nitrate (NO 3 -) and SO 4 2-are formed by gas-phase oxidation of the primary gaseous oxides of nitrogen and sulfur (NO x and SO 2 ) into nitric acid (HNO 3 gaseous) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 aqueous) respectively (Panis, 2008).…”

Investigation on a Haze Episode of Fine Particulate Matter using Semi-continuous Chemical Composition Data

“…최근 국내 에서 발생하는 연무현상은 국지적인 영향뿐만 아니 라, 중국의 빠른 산업화 진행과 석탄 사용량 증가 (Park et al, 2013a;Jung and Kim, 2011), 중국 또는 러시아의 대규모 산불 등에 의해서도 영향을 받고 있다 (Park et al, 2013a;Park et al, 2008). 대기에어로 졸 입자는 탄소성분, 이온성분, 원소성분 등으로 이루 어진 복잡한 혼합물로서 연무현상이 발생하면 1차적 인 구성물질인 원소탄소, 1차 유기탄소, 금속 및 미량 원소성분들의 농도도 증가하지만 (Park et al, 2013a;Park et al, 2005a;Park and Kim, 2004;Chen et al, 2003), 지역, 계절 등에 따라 차이는 있지만 PM 2.5 농 도의 50~60% 이상을 차지하는 2차 유기에어로졸, 황산염, 질산염 및 암모늄염의 농도가 급증하는 특징 을 보인다 (Park et al, 2013a;Park et al, 2005bPark et al, , 2006aWeber et al, 2003).…”

“…연무생성에 영향을 주는 다른 중요한 인자는 측정지점 주변의 기압배치이다 (Kim Oanh and Leelasakultum, 2011;Kim Oanh et al, 2005;Triantafyllou, 2001). (Park et al, 2006a;Chen et al, 2003), 겨 울철에는 주로 탄소성분과 질산염 입자의 증가에 기 인한다 (Park et al, 2013a;Park and Kim, 2004 (Solomon and Sioutas, 2008;Park et al, 2006aPark et al, , 2005aWeber et al, 2003 (Jung and Kim, 2011;Park et al, 2006b;Ryu et al, 2004Ryu et al, , 2007 (Heo et al, 2009;Park et al, 2008;Hwang and Hopke, 2007;Pongkiatkul and Kim Oanh, 2007 판단된다 (Park et al, 2005a). (Park et al, 2012(Park et al, , 2011Sahu et al, 2009) …”