Characteristics of pressure distribution and solution to the problems caused by stack effect in high-rise residential buildings

Jo, Janghyun; Lim, Jae Han; Song, Seung-Yeong; Yeo, Myoung Souk; Kim, Kwang Woo

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.002

Cited by 83 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…During the cold season, severe problems are experienced in high-rise buildings due to the stack effect, which are problems associated with pressure differences. These stackinduced excessive pressure difference problems were found to occur mainly around the core area as shown in a previous field study (Jo et al 2007). Stack effect problems associated with pressure difference are common in countries of Northeast Asia which have severe cold weather marked by an indoor-outdoor temperature difference of over 30°C.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Based on the characteristic of the pressure profile derived from field measurements and computer simulation analysis in the previous study (Jo et al 2007), the required key information consists of the inside and outside temperature differences, the height of the building, the location of the NPL (neutral plane level), the height of the vertical compartment, and the ratio of the airtightness of the exterior walls and interior partitions which is derived by TDC. Therefore, we have gathered data for key parameters by carrying out field measurements and network simulation in high-rise residential buildings.…”

Section: Data Gathering For Stack Pressure Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simplified Prediction Method of Stack-Induced Pressure Distribution in High-rise Residential Buildings

Seok

Yeo

et al. 2009

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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This paper presents a simple prediction strategy for estimating the pressure distribution in high-rise residential buildings, using key parameters that affect the magnitude and distribution of stack pressure. The strategy is composed of two procedures: first, the stack pressure is predicted from parameters such as the height of the elevator shaft, the location of the neutral pressure level for each shaft, and the interior temperature of each shaft. Then, the pressure distribution of each floor is calculated using the equivalent leakage areas of the exterior and interior walls, by which finally the pressure difference across the exterior walls can be estimated. To verify the feasibility of this strategy, the predicted pressure differences across exterior walls were compared to measured data of a high-rise residential building with multiple elevator zoning. The results show that this strategy can predict pressure distribution quickly with satisfactory results for both the architectural designer and HVAC engineer.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Data Gathering For Stack Pressure Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Prediction Method of Stack-Induced Pressure Distribution in High-rise Residential Buildings

Seok

Yeo

et al. 2009

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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“…While Tamura and Wilson originally applied the TDC concept to a whole building, Hayakaya et al [6] applied the TDC to individual floors. Jo et al [7] evaluated the characteristics of pressure distributions in high-rise residential buildings according to interior partitioning and elevator zoning schemes, and suggested a separation method by installing so-called "air lock doors" between the elevator doors and entrances to the residential units to reduce the pressure differences across those doors. Lstiburek [8] suggested the inclusion of air barriers to control infiltration and exfiltration, thereby maintaining the air-tightness of the interior spaces and the building as a whole.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to previous studies [3,4,[6][7][8][9][10], one effective architectural measure to reduce the stack effect is to increase the number of walls between the elevator shaft and the building envelope. However, many commercial buildings require more openness on typical floors for office spaces consisting of multiple work stations divided by low-height interior partitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Stack Effect Problems in a High-Rise Office Building by Mechanical Pressurization

Song

Cho

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:In high-rise buildings, the stack effect causes various problems, especially problems related to excessive pressure differences across main entrance doors and elevator doors, particularly in heating seasons. To reduce the stack effect, this study aims to find effective operation schemes for the HVAC systems in a 60-story commercial building, located in Seoul, Korea. Field measurements were conducted to identify the problems related to the stack effect in the building. Computer simulations were conducted to examine the effectiveness of various HVAC operation schemes in reducing the stack effect. Then, an optimum and effective operation scheme was adopted from the computer simulation results and applied in the field. The adopted scheme was used to pressurize the upper zone of the building. Through field application and an adjustment process, a proper amount of air volume was found to effectively pressurize the upper zone of this building, solving the problems related to the stack effect. The required air volume for pressurization was maintained in the building by reducing the volume of the exhaust air (EA) while maintaining a constant volume of outdoor air (OA).

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“…As a representative example, Tamura studied the relations between the air leakage area of the envelope, internal partitions, and the horizontal pressure distribution of the building 7) . Through field measurements, he found that the internal partitions of an office building were less airtight than the building envelope [8][9] . Tamura also measured the amount of air leakage of the building envelope and other components of office buildings and presented airtightness performance data of each component of the buildings studied [10][11][12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Revolving Door Use as a Countermeasure to the Stack Effect in Buildings

Lee¹,

2017

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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Efficient control of ventilation and cooling/heating systems in buildings is integral to making adjustments to indoor environments and to minimizing energy use. In high-rise buildings, however, the stack effect is generated through vertical shafts in the buildings, and the air flow due to the stack effect greatly affects the efficiency of air-conditioning systems used for ventilation, cooling, and heating. Therefore, attenuating the stack effect in high-rise buildings is a critical aspect of HVAC operations as well as a solution for direct problems related to the stack effect, such as high-velocity draft, high-level noise in the buildings, and so on.In general, as a method to attenuate the stack effect in high-rise buildings, revolving doors are installed at the lobby entrance. However, while this method may be effective on the floors where revolving doors are applied, the efficiency is very low when considering the entire building due to the existence of many air flow paths and the fact that revolving doors applied to only part of a building can control only a portion of the air flow. Numerical simulation analysis was performed in this study to quantitatively examine the stack effect attenuation characteristics of revolving doors on both a partial building level and for the entire building. In addition, the effects of building height and airtightness on the performance of the building envelope were considered.Keywords: stack effect; revolving door; stack effect attenuation; numerical simulation; high-rise buildings IntroductionSkyscrapers are currently being competitively constructed throughout Asia. As cities are becoming Manhattanized, the possibility of the stack effect in these new high-rise buildings inevitably increases. At the same time, the magnitude of problems created by the stack effect continues to grow. Problems generated by the stack effect in skyscrapers can mainly be divided into problems related to habitability and problems related to the performance of disaster prevention. The problems related to habitability, such as the occurrence of high-velocity drafts and highlevel noise in buildings, the incorrect operation and operational inability of doors, difficulty in controlling indoor cooling/heating environments, and so on, have been recognized as major problems resulting from the stack effect.The diffusion of poisonous gases from a fire is one of the concerns related to disaster prevention. If a fire

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Characteristics of pressure distribution and solution to the problems caused by stack effect in high-rise residential buildings

Cited by 83 publications

References 1 publication

Simplified Prediction Method of Stack-Induced Pressure Distribution in High-rise Residential Buildings

Simplified Prediction Method of Stack-Induced Pressure Distribution in High-rise Residential Buildings

Resolving Stack Effect Problems in a High-Rise Office Building by Mechanical Pressurization

Characteristics of Revolving Door Use as a Countermeasure to the Stack Effect in Buildings

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