Characteristics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines alteration in PTSD patients exposed to a deadly earthquake

Wang, Weiwen; Wang, Li; Xu, Hang; Cao, Chengqi; Liu, Ping; Luo, Shu; Duan, Qing; Ellenbroek, Bart; Zhang, Xiangyang

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.029

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Contrary to expectations of the opposition roles between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine alterations in response to oxidative stress and inflammation, findings from the selected studies have mostly demonstrated statistically similar levels of serum IL-10 between individuals with PTSD and trauma-exposed controls who have never been diagnosed with PTSD [15,16,25,44,45,57,[68][69][70]. Among these studies that demonstrated no alteration in serum IL-10 also included those from Table 1 which demonstrated significant increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in the PTSD group as compared to their respective healthy controls [15,16,25,44,45], indicating that elevated proinflammatory cytokines in association with PTSD may not necessarily reflect reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, for studies that included a healthy control group who have not been exposed to any type of trauma, consistent results were shown where individuals exposed to trauma -regardless of their diagnosis for PTSD-did not show any between-group differences in IL-10 levels as compared to the control [69,71].…”

Section: Roles Of Anti-inflammatory Cytokines In Ptsd: Il-4 and Il-10mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Through the current literature selection, studies have demonstrated that individuals with PTSD have significantly elevated serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines than the respective control group without PTSD. Specifically, individuals with PTSD demonstrated as having higher levels of serum IL-1β [15,25], IL-6 [15,16,25,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47], TNF-α [15,16,25,[42][43][44][46][47][48], IFN-γ [15,47,49], and CRP [42,50] than individuals who have been exposed to trauma but have never developed PTSD. In the current review, IL-6 demonstrated to be the most documented proinflammatory cytokine in human models of PTSD, and the majority of studies demonstrated increased IL-6 levels in the serum sample of individuals diagnosed with PTSD as compared with their respective control group.…”

Section: Roles Of Proinflammatory Cytokines In Ptsd: Il-1β Il-6 Tnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…187 (71/116) None -There are no differences in levels of IL-10 between individuals with PTSD and those without PTSD. [25] Assault 60 (10/50) Decrease -Individuals with PTSD presented lower IL-10 levels than the trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD. -PTSD symptom severity is positively associated with higher IL-10 levels, and is mediated by attenuated vagal activity, smoking, and alcohol dependence.…”

Section: Roles Of Anti-inflammatory Cytokines In Ptsd: Il-4 and Il-10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive and updated review on the growing literature that were recently published on inflammation in PTSD according to various factors that potentially contribute to the heterogeneity may explain for the contrasting findings that were discussed to date. Considering that a few studies in the past have suggested that specific inflammatory markers may play an important role specifically in PTSD [25] and previous articles suggested specific biomarkers as promising for indicating inflammation in PTSD [21], summarizing findings from recent literature on such specified markers may help identify potential biological markers that indicate one's pathophysiology of PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review of Potential Correlates of PTSD with a Neurological Perspective

2020

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic condition characterized by symptoms of physiological and psychosocial burden. While growing research demonstrated signs of inflammation in PTSD, specific biomarkers that may be representative of PTSD such as the detailed neural correlates underlying the inflammatory responses in relation to trauma exposure are seldom discussed. Here, we review recent studies that explored alterations in key inflammatory markers in PTSD, as well as neuroimaging-based studies that further investigated signs of inflammation within the brain in PTSD, as to provide a comprehensive summary of recent literature with a neurological perspective. A search was conducted on studies published from 2009 through 2019 in PubMed and Web of Science. Fifty original articles were selected. Major findings included elevated levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines in individuals with PTSD across various trauma types, as compared with those without PTSD. Furthermore, neuroimaging-based studies demonstrated that altered inflammatory markers are associated with structural and functional alterations in brain regions that are responsible for the regulation of stress and emotion, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal cortex. Future studies that utilize both central and peripheral inflammatory markers are warranted to elucidate the underlying neurological pathway of the pathophysiology of PTSD.

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Section: Roles Of Anti-inflammatory Cytokines In Ptsd: Il-4 and Il-10mentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Roles Of Proinflammatory Cytokines In Ptsd: Il-1β Il-6 Tnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Roles Of Anti-inflammatory Cytokines In Ptsd: Il-4 and Il-10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Inflammation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review of Potential Correlates of PTSD with a Neurological Perspective

2020

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“…Plasma levels of the inflammatory mediator TNF-α and the chemokines CXCL-10 and CCL13 were higher in the plasma of subjects with civilian PTSD compared to levels in healthy controls (7). Patients that had been exposed to a deadly earthquake had higher blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α than subjects that were similarly exposed but did not have PTSD (8). Several immune mediators, including the pro-inflammatory mediators G-CSF and CCL5 and the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-4 were increased in plasma of individuals with long-term PTSD following childhood exposure to suicide bomb terror (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Expression of Immune Mediators by T-Cell Subpopulations of Combat-Exposed Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2019

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been suggested to be associated with an inflammatory immune state, although few studies have examined peripheral blood lymphocytes in subjects that have PTSD and compared immune parameters to subjects that experienced similar trauma, but did not develop PTSD. An exploratory approach was undertaken to compare phenotypes of blood CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations and their expression of immune mediators between Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars who experienced similar levels of combat, with some developing PTSD and other not. The results of this study did not demonstrate evidence of enhanced immune activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Instead, the results showed a decline in expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator IFN-γ and the cytotoxin granzyme B in CD8+ subpopulations from Veterans with PTSD. While the reductions in expression of IFN-γ and granzyme B did not reach statistical significance when examining the CD8+ cell population as a whole, the declines were significant when examining the CD8+ cell subpopulations, with different mediators being reduced in different subpopulations. The most prominent decline in IFN-γ expression was by the unconventional CD8dimCD3+ T-cell subpopulation that has been associated with chronic infection and immune fatigue. The decline in granzyme B was most prominent in the NK-containing CD8dimCD3- subpopulation of Tcells. Consequently, analysis of blood leukocyte subpopulations, rather than bulk lymphocyte groups, reveals a dampened level of immune reactivity in combat-exposed Veterans with PTSD compared to combat-exposed Veterans without PTSD.

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Causal Relationship Between Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder and Immune Cell Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Wang,

Shao,

Deng

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychological disorder that occurs after exposure to catastrophic‐level experiences. Although alterations in immune function have been identified in individuals with PTSD, the causal relationship between the two remains unclear.MethodsTo investigate the causal relationship between PTSD and immune function, we conducted the forward and backward two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, based on summary‐level genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) data on PTSD and immune cell traits.ResultsFor the forward MR analysis, PTSD was found to reduce the levels of CD62L− dendritic cell (DC) (beta = −0.254, FDR = 0.01), CD86+ myeloid DC (beta = −0.238, FDR = 0.014), CD62L− myeloid DC (beta = −0.26, FDR = 0.01), CD62L− CD86+ myeloid DC absolute count (beta = −0.264, FDR = 0.024), and CD62L− CD86+ myeloid DC (beta = −0.328, FDR = 0.002). In contrast, PTSD was observed to increase the level of CD28− CD8dim T‐cell absolute count (beta = 0.27, FDR = 0.029). For the backward MR analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for CD33 on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b− in relation to PTSD risk was found to be 1.045 (95% CI = 1.021–1.069, FDR = 0.008). The OR for FSC‐A on HLA DR+ CD8br was 1.048 (95% CI = 1.018–1.079, FDR = 0.039) and for CCR2 on CD14− CD16+ monocyte was 1.059 (95% CI = 1.027–1.092, FDR = 0.008). No significant pleiotropy was detected in both forward and backward MR analyses.ConclusionThe bidirectional MR study shed light on the intricate interplay between immune function and PTSD. The identification of a bidirectional causal relationship between T cells and PTSD opens new avenues for considering innovative approaches to the prevention and early intervention of PTSD.

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Characteristics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines alteration in PTSD patients exposed to a deadly earthquake

Cited by 38 publications

References 59 publications

Inflammation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review of Potential Correlates of PTSD with a Neurological Perspective

Inflammation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review of Potential Correlates of PTSD with a Neurological Perspective

Reduced Expression of Immune Mediators by T-Cell Subpopulations of Combat-Exposed Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Causal Relationship Between Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder and Immune Cell Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study

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