Characteristics of Rainfall Distributions over Taiwan during the Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment (TAMEX)

Yeh, Hsi-Chyi; Chen, Yi-Leng

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<1457:cordot>2.0.co;2

Cited by 64 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Orographic effects on rainfall over the western, windward slopes of the CMR during the 1987 Mei-yu season, part of the southwesterly monsoon regime, have been studied extensively (Yeh and Chen 1998). summarized the orographic effects on the 1987 Mei-yu into lifting (Yeh and Chen 1998;Trier et al 1990), blocking (Li et al 1997;Akaeda et al 1995), and thermal effects ( Chen et al 1991;Johnson and Bresch 1991;Akaeda et al 1995;Yeh and Chen 1998;Lin and Chen 2002). Recently, Bresch (2001) investigated a morning cloud band with light rain showers parallel to the Taiwan east coast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Heavy Summer Rainfall in Southwestern Taiwan in Relation to Orographic Effects

Chen

Tao

2004

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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About a quarter to a half of all rainfall from mid-July through August from 1994 to 2000, on the windward side of southwestern Taiwan, came from convective systems embedded in the monsoon flow associated with the southwesterly monsoon. In this study, the causes of two heavy rainfall events (daily rainfall exceeding 100 mm day À1 over at least three rainfall stations), observed over the slopes and/or lowlands of southwestern Taiwan were examined. Data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts/Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (EC/TOGA) analyses, the rainfall stations of the Automatic Rainfall and Meteorological Telemetry System (ARMTS) and the conventional surface stations over Taiwan, and the simulation results from a regional-scale numerical model were used to accomplish the objectives. In one event, on 9 August 1999, heavy rainfall of up to 393 mm was observed over the windward slopes of southern Taiwan in a potentially unstable environment, with very humid air around 850 hPa. The extreme accumulation was simulated and attributed to orographic lifting effects as preexisting convection did not drift into western Taiwan from the Taiwan Strait.In another event, on 13 August 1994, with a maximum rainfall of 450 mm, westerly flow with potentially unstable and very moist air in the lowest layers, converged with northwesterly flow from the central Taiwan Strait over the southwestern coast. The westerly flow decelerated while approaching Taiwan, resulting in enhanced convergence and upward motion over the coastal area and a high amount of rainfall. In addition, a mesoscale convergence area was produced over the southern Taiwan Strait near the southwestern coast of Taiwan due to synoptic circulations. Some convection formed in the ocean near the southwest coast and drifted inland. This situation also enhanced precipitation over the coastal areas. Northwesterly flow formed over the southwestern slopes as weak westerly flow approached the mountains. As rainwater from the Strait and coastal areas moved eastward toward the slopes, the northwesterly flow transported the rainwater southeastward away from the southwestern slopes. Subsequently, less rainfall occurred over the southwestern slopes than over the coastal areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Heavy Summer Rainfall in Southwestern Taiwan in Relation to Orographic Effects

Chen

Tao

2004

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…The CMR occupies about two thirds of Taiwan's land mass (300 km × 100 km) and lies NNE-SSW ( Fig. 1c) with an average terrain height of about 2000 m (Yeh and Chen, 1998;Lin and Chen, 2002;Lin et al, 2011) and some peaks of nearly 4000 m. The CMR significantly affects the local circulation and interferes with the prevailing winds (Lin and Chen, 2002;Lin et al, 2005), and hence could also affect LRT dust events and their spatial distribution over Taiwan. As a matter of fact, the unique structure of the CMR plays an important and dynamic role in affecting the prevailing northeasterly winds and fronts during winter (DecemberFebruary) and spring (March-May), as has been documented by some researchers (Chen and Lin, 1999;Chen and Hui, 1990;Trier et al, 1990;Chien and Kuo, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of channel effect on Asian dust transport dynamics: a case in southeastern Asia

et al. 2012

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Abstract.A super heavy dust event was identified with unprecedented PM 10 in terms of speed and concentration in the southeastern Asia. The average concentration was observed exceeding the value of 1000 µg m −3 for the duration lasting more than 10 h, with the highest value reached 1724 µg m −3 in northern Taiwan on 21 March 2010. We found that this case exhibited an uneven and intriguing spatial distribution of PM 10 concentration and transport speed between eastern and western Taiwan. Higher values were observed in the western and northern areas. The peak concentrations can vary up to 5-fold between western and eastern Taiwan, and ten-fold between the northern tip and southern tip of Taiwan, only about 400 km apart. A high resolution, 10 km, numerical study by Weather Research Forecast (WRF) and WRF-chem models revealed that this intriguing spatial distribution of the Asian dust transport was resulting from a strong coupling effect of the geographic channel effect and blocking of the easterly from the Pacific Ocean. We are confident that this coupling effect can be revealed only by applying a high resolution numerical study in other similar regions.

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“…Mei-yu (also known as Baiu in Japan, Changma in Korea) season is early summer rainy period (from mid-May to mid-June) over Taiwan (Yeh and Chen 1998). During this rainy season, the quasi-stationary Mei-yu front can extend from western China to western Japan and is characterized by a weak temperature gradient, strong vertical wind shear, and large moisture gradient across the front at low levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen (1993) also showed that most of the fronts passed over Taiwan influenced by the island weather with an average lifetime of 8 days. Major portion of the west coast of Taiwan experienced a vigorous cold frontal passage with deep convection and heavy rainfall (Trier et al 1990;Yeh and Chen 1998). Kuo and Chen (1990) showed that the complex island topography of the CMR frequently interacted with frontal systems to produce locally heavy rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind Profiler Observation on Vertical Structure of a Mei-yu Front Cloud Bands

Lai

2011

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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An L-band wind profiler deployed at an industrial park (120.38 E, 22.6 N) close to Kao-Hsiung city in southern Taiwan is utilized to diagnose the vertical structure of Mei-yu frontal precipitating cloud systems observed during 9-11 June 2006. Observational results show several mesoscale convection systems associated with the Mei-yu frontal cloud produced heavy rainfall over Taiwan island. Mei-yu precipitating clouds are classified into three types: convective, mixed convective-stratiform and stratiform based on vertical profile of Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)/Reflectivity and Doppler velocity during approaching, passing, and leaving stages of the cloud systems. In approaching and pre-passing stages of Mei-yu frontal clouds, a pre-dominant convective precipitation without a significant bright band is observed. In contrast, a pronounced bright band around 4 km was observed during post-passing and leaving stages of the frontal clouds with stratiform precipitation. Doppler velocity profiles show hydrometeors (ice/snow) at 5 km and rain below 4 km for stratiform precipitation. For Mei-yu frontal stratiform precipitation the melting particles accelerations of 3.3 ms À1 km À1 are observed for the bright band region.

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Characteristics of Rainfall Distributions over Taiwan during the Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment (TAMEX)

Cited by 64 publications

References 17 publications

Characteristics of Heavy Summer Rainfall in Southwestern Taiwan in Relation to Orographic Effects

Characteristics of Heavy Summer Rainfall in Southwestern Taiwan in Relation to Orographic Effects

The impact of channel effect on Asian dust transport dynamics: a case in southeastern Asia

Wind Profiler Observation on Vertical Structure of a Mei-yu Front Cloud Bands

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