Nanoparticles contribute to enormous
environmental processes, but,
due to analytical challenges, the understanding of nanoparticle fate
remains elusive in complex environmental matrices. To address the
challenge, a core–shell nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
(CSNERS) imaging method was developed to selectively track prevalent
SiO2 nanoparticles in an aquatic plant, Lemna minor. By encapsulating gold nanoparticles and Raman reporters inside,
the resonance Raman signature was enhanced, thus enabling the sensitive
and selective detection of SiO2 nanoparticles at an environmentally
relevant concentration. The panoramic visualization of the translocation
pathway of nanoparticles shows an unexpected, fast (in hours) and
a preferential accumulation of nanoparticles on the node, leaf edge,
root cap, etc., implying the ability of CSNERS to spectroscopically
determine nanotoxicity. The core–shell design in CSNERS was
capable of multiplex labeling two differently charged nanoparticles
and distinguishing their biobehavior simultaneously. Meanwhile, the
CSNERS method can be further applied for a variety of nanoparticles,
implying its promising applications for nanotoxicity research and
biogeochemical study.