Characteristics of rising temperatures through laser irradiation using a temperature sensor integrated optical fiber probe for soft tissue ablation

Fabry–Perot interference temperature sensor integrated high-power-laser optical fiber probe for laser ablation

“…A sensivity is almost the same as those in reported silica fiber based FPI type probes 35,36) and the FBG type probe, 37) because the temperature measurement signals are single mode light guided at a silica fiber core. The sensor length (196 μm) is on the same order of magnitude as the FPI type probes, [34][35][36] but much shorter than that of the FBG type probe (5 mm). 37) This is advantageous for stable temperature measurement with FPI type probes.…”

“…37) This is advantageous for stable temperature measurement with FPI type probes. Deliverable laser power is much higher than that of reported FPI type probes with single mode laser transmission, [34][35][36] because of employing multimode laser transmission using a large multimode inner cladding. 37)…”

“…FPI temperature sensors comprise a structure based on interference in different waveguide structures joined with single-mode fiber (SMF). [34][35][36] However, because these sensors also use SMF to transmit the laser for heating, a small single mode core limits the transmission power. For safety reasons, the maximum operating power is 300 mW in a typical specification for fiber with connector.…”

Multipoint temperature measurement system composed of fiber-optic Fabry–Perot interference sensors and a wavelength-division multiplexing filter

“…FPI temperature sensors comprise a structure based on interference in different waveguide structures (e.g. microstructured fiber or multimode fiber) joined with SMFs based on fusion splicing [13][14][15][16][17] and FP cavity micromachining in an optical fiber. [18][19][20] The larger thermal expansion coefficient of the polymer compared with that of silica-based devices contributes to improved sensor sensitivity.…”