Characteristics of rural domestic wastewater with source separation

Cheng, Fangkui; Dai, Zhiyong; Shen, Shuting; Wang, Siyu; Lü, Xiwu

doi:10.2166/wst.2020.557

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Most of the studies reported reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO) levels during the filtration process (Xu et al 2020;Singh et al 2021). Sufficient availability of oxygen to the aerobic heterotrophic bacteria promotes the removal of organic content by aerobic oxidation (Abed et al 2017;Cheng et al 2021). About 50% of influent BOD and COD removals occurred in the top 10 cm depth of the filter media while the remaining depth contributed additional removals (Katukiza et al 2014a).…”

Section: Media Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granular media filtration for on-site treatment of greywater: A review

Shaikh

Ahammed

2022

Water Science and Technology

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Rapid urbanization and industrialization have put pressure on water resources and centralized wastewater treatment facilities and the need for greywater treatment at decentralized levels is increasing. This paper reviews the studies that used granular filtration for the treatment of greywater. Filter media characteristics that helps in the selection of suitable sustainable and environmental friendly materials without compromising the quality of treated greywater is first reported. The effect of type of filter media, media size and media depth along with the effect of operating conditions are discussed in detail. The choice, role and effect of different pre-treatment alternatives to granular media filtration are also presented. The efficiency of the filters to remove different physicochemical and microbial parameters was compared with different reuse guidelines and standards. Reported studies indicate that not only filter media characteristics and operating conditions but also the quality of raw greywater significantly influence the filter performance. Based on the source of greywater and desired reuse option, different granular media filtration alternatives are suggested. Operation of filters with properly selected media at optimum conditions based on the source of greywater helps filter in achieve the different reuse standards.

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Section: Media Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granular media filtration for on-site treatment of greywater: A review

Shaikh

Ahammed

2022

Water Science and Technology

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“…It accounts for about 75% of the domestic wastewater, although it could be up to 100% if dry latrines are used [ 26 , 27 ]. Blackwater—toilet water—represents a smaller fraction of the domestic wastewater and has higher nutrient content than COD-rich greywater [ 28 ]. Because of that, it can be beneficial to separate them at the source, leading not only to greywater reuse but also to possible blackwater and kitchen waste combined disposal [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Acceptance of Greywater Reuse in Rural Areas

Al‐Khatib

Shami

García

et al. 2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Like many countries, Palestine suffers from water scarcity. Here, treated greywater is considered an essential nonconventional water resource. We aim to identify some wastewater reuse and disposal practices in rural areas and assess the acceptance level of different reuses of greywater. We conducted a survey analysis in four villages with a strong agricultural activity of the western Bethlehem Governorate. The level of acceptance of greywater reuse was generally independent of demographic variables like family size, income, or water bill, with a few exceptions regarding gender, age, and level of education. Centralized treatment was more valued than treatment at home, which presented similar acceptance levels than no treatment and might indicate a lack of trust in this alternative. The only reuse alternative trusted across treatments was bush irrigation (3.53-3.86 on a five-point Likert scale), but other options without clear, direct human contact like crop irrigation (3.14-3.62), stone cutting (3.19-3.36), and construction (3.12-3.42) also received considerable support. Reused perceived as having direct contact with humans was rejected, as it was the flushing of public toilets (2.59-2.7), aquaculture (1.98-2.37), olive pressing (1.85-1.94), and drinking (1.62-1.72). Relatively new reuse, car washing (2.95-3.17), was somewhere in between, partially because of its novelty. To increase this and other reuses, we strongly encourage local authorities to inform the population about the potentialities of greywater reuse.

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“…Understandably, those features of WW are entirely dissimilar, with a relatively concentrated drainage period and more fluctuant drainage frequency and amount . In addition, several major feature indicators of TW and WW such as COD, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), TN, pH, and emissions ranged between 660–1160 and 176–323 mg/L, 150–318 and 3–14 mg/L, 214–410 and 7–16 mg/L, 8.30–9.00 and 6.60–7.50, and 25–40 and 70–150 L/capita/day, respectively. − Based on the above analysis, it can be found that the features of these two kinds of wastewater are totally different. In addition, as a disadvantage of onsite treatment technology, the shock of wastewater quality and quantity originates from TW and WW, respectively, and coping with these two types of shocks separately may be a high-efficiency method for raising the cost-performance of conventional onsite technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onsite Source-Separation and Synergistic Treatment of Household Wastewater: Mechanism Elaboration, Technology Optimization, and Advantage Analysis

Shu

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS EST Water

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Onsite treatment of wastewater is a suitable sanitary drainage strategy for decentralized residences. With the technological developments in process and management, the conventional onsite treatment system has reached a cost-performance ceiling, and breaking through this ceiling is a new challenge. Based on the advantages of onsite systems in the respective collection of toilet wastewater and washing wastewater, an onsite source-separation and synergistic treatment (O3ST) system was introduced in this research after the features of these two kinds of wastewater were elucidated. After a 363-day operation, the mechanism of Npollutant removal by partial nitritation and denitritation of the O3ST system was elaborated, and the removal performance of this system was tentatively optimized by applying the strategies of reflux setting and alkalinity regulation. Subsequently, an advantage analysis of the O3ST system was conducted. The application of this system improved upon the stability and resilience of onsite systems due to the achievements in the load separation of wastewater quality and quantity. Moreover, the TN removal rate reached 25.2 g/day/m 3 , and the sludge observed yield was as low as 0.087 gVSS/gCOD. The technical feasibility and superior cost-performance of the O3ST system were verified, providing support for system optimization and engineering.

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Characteristics of rural domestic wastewater with source separation

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Granular media filtration for on-site treatment of greywater: A review

Granular media filtration for on-site treatment of greywater: A review

Social Acceptance of Greywater Reuse in Rural Areas

Onsite Source-Separation and Synergistic Treatment of Household Wastewater: Mechanism Elaboration, Technology Optimization, and Advantage Analysis

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