Characteristics of Selected Adipokines in Ascites and Blood of Ovarian Cancer Patients

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. The course of the disease is often latent and asymptomatic in the early stages, but as it develops, metastasis occurs, accompanied by accumulation of ascites in the peritoneal cavity. The ascites fluid constitutes a specific microenvironment influencing the processes of carcinogenesis. In ascites, signaling is mediated by various cytokines that control tumor cell proliferation, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Adipokines, secreted into ascites and also appearing in blood, may be markers of ongoing processes related to the development of neoplastic disease. Moreover, a significant influence of adipocyte lipids on the growth of tumors, for which they are one of energy sources, is observed. Adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), discussed in the present review, were found to mediate the effects of omentum metastasis through homing, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Further research on those adipokines seem to be a natural consequence, allowing for a better understanding of the mechanisms of neoplastic disease and determination of the treatment procedure.

IL‐8 from CD248‐expressing cancer‐associated fibroblasts generates cisplatin resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer

“…19 IL-8, otherwise called CXCL8, is a critical cytokine that positively regulates neutrophil chemotaxis and inflammation. 20,21 It is secreted by numerous cells, namely, neutrophils, monocytes, endothelial cells and tumour cells. Emerging evidences suggested that the circulating IL-8 levels in tumour patients is strongly associated with worse patient outcome and chemoresistance.…”

“…IL‐8, otherwise called CXCL8, is a critical cytokine that positively regulates neutrophil chemotaxis and inflammation 20,21 . It is secreted by numerous cells, namely, neutrophils, monocytes, endothelial cells and tumour cells.…”

Selected markers of ovarian cancer and their relation to targeted therapy (Review)

“…It was found from comparative studies (70 ascites and 20 plasma samples) that its concentration is higher in ascites and correlates with its volume. Serum levels in patients with OC (stage I-IV) are the highest after cytoreductive surgery and the lowest after treatment ( 17 ). Sonego et al ( 18 ) observed that high TIMP-1 levels in patients with OC at stage III and IV were associated with reduced OS especially if patients were treated with platinum or bevacizumab.…”

The Role of Oxidative Stress Enhanced by Adiposity in Cardiometabolic Diseases

“…In addition to adipocytes, there are also stromal vascular fraction, adipose-derived stem cells, preadipocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, fibroblasts, and nerve cells [ 27 , 30 , 31 ]. There are four types of AT differentiated by histological structure and function: white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), beige adipose tissue, and pink adipose tissue [ 27 , 32 ]. WAT, one of the largest organs, is the main energy store of the organism, which captures and accumulates lipids [ 33 ].…”