Characteristics of serotonin N‐acetyltransferase stimulation in pineal cell cultures

Rowe, Vernon; Parr, James

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb04604.x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A recent report suggests, however, that cocultures of pineal cells and sympathetic neurons can release an agonist that can enhance serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in pineal cultures (Parfitt and Shain, 1979). Whether or not the pineal plus SCG cocultures have pharmacologic properties similar to pineal cells cultured alone (Rowe and Parr, 1979), or whether coculture with sympathetic neurons affects the pharmacologic development of pineal cells, remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pineal cells enhance choline acetyltransferase activity in sympathetic neurons

Rowe¹,

Parr²

1980

J. Neurobiol.

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Cells derived from the neonatal rat pineal gland were cocultured with cells derived from neonatal rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in an attempt to determine whether a sympathetic target organ with only adrenergic properties could enhance the development of adrenergic transmitter properties in sympathetic neurons in tissue culture. Choline acetyltransferase was measured as an index of cholinergic differentiation, and tyrosine hydroxylase was measured as an index of adrenergic differentiation. As indices of total cell number and cellular volume, DNA and protein, respectively, were also measured. We found that the pineal-SCG cocultures contained ten times greater choline acetyltransferase activity than sister neuronal cultures cultured without pineal cells, thus indicating that the pineal cells enhanced cholinergic properties in the sympathetic neurons. This cholinergic enhancement was dependent upon the presence of nerve growth factor and could not be obtained with pineal-conditioned medium. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity, measured on cultures sister to those mentioned above, was low in all cultures and decreased somewhat in SCGs cultured alone. TH activity in the pineal-SCG cocultures, however, increased slightly. Some tyrosine hydroxylating activity developed in pineals cultured alone, however, and may have been responsible for the small increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity noted in the pineal-SCG cocultures. The implications of these results for a determination of the role that target organ plays in the development of the transmitter properties of sympathetic neurons are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older cultures contain occasional striated muscle cells. These cultures respond to treatment with adrenergic agonists and Ns,Oz-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophasphate much as the pineal does in viuo and in organ culture (Rowe and Parr, 1979;Rowe, Parr, and Donoso, 1978;Rowe, Steinberg, and Parr, to appear).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pineal cells enhance choline acetyltransferase activity in sympathetic neurons

Rowe¹,

Parr²

1980

J. Neurobiol.

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“…In order to obtain an overall picture of indole metabolism in the pineal gland a technique is required which will enable sensitive monitoring of all metabolites while allowing for biochemical or pharmacological manipulations. The pineal gland of certain species such as the rat and chicken, being small and readily accessible, makes them ideal for intact organ culture and numerous methods have been developed and used with comparative success 336 Morton [Alphs et al, 1980;Chan and Ebadi, 1981;Klein and Notides, 1969; Morton, 1987a,b;Rowe and Parr, 1979;Wainwright and Wainwright, 19811. All these techniques are disadvantageous in that they either do not monitor all metabolites or are insufficiently sensitive to allow the use of single glands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Organ Culture Technique Capable of Monitoring Most Pineal Gland Indole Metabolites

Morton

1990

Journal of Pineal Research

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An intact pineal gland organ culture technique was developed which utilised radiolabelled tryptophan as the indolic precursor and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography to separate the various indole metabolites produced. The method was capable of reproducibly separating and quantitating all tryptophan metabolites except 5-methoxytryptophan which co-chromatographed with tryptophan in all the solvent systems evaluated. Noradrenergic stimulation of cultured pineals led to a predictable increase in N-acetyl-serotonin and melatonin production, suggesting that the method was useful for biochemical and pharmacological studies on the pineal gland. Similarly evaluation of the results revealed that a strong linearity existed between N-acetylserotonin and melatonin production and between actual and theoretical methylation as previously reported, again verifying the usefulness of the method developed.

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“…Pineal glands from 2-day-old rat pups were harvested, trypsinized, triturated, and plated into and grown in Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium, high glucose formulation (DMEM), GIBCo, Grand Island, New York, with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) in 35-mm plastic culture dishes (Rowe et al, 1977;Rowe and Parr, 1979;Rowe et al, 198Ob). Either pineal cells (approximately 6 x lo5) or neuronal cells (approximately 3 x lo4) or both were plated on each dish.…”

Section: Preparation Of Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of target cells of the sympathetic neuron in differentiation of that neuron is not yet fully understood, though considerable progress has been made in this area (Varon and Bunge, 1978;Patterson, 1978;Black, 1978). To study the effects of target cells, whose function is controlled solely by adrenergic innervation, on the development of transmitter differentiation in mass cultures of dissociated sympathetic neurons, we developed a monolayer culture system for growing pineal cells with dissociated sympathetic neurons from neonatal rat superior cervical ganglia (SCGs) (Rowe et al, 1977; Rowe and Parr, 1979; Rowe et al, 1980b). The rat pineal was chosen because it is a target organ for axons of sympathetic neurons in the SCG.…”

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Molecular Forms of Acetylcholinesterase in Pineal Cell and Sympathetic Neuronal Cultures

Rowe

Fernández

Duell

et al. 1981

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The activities of the various molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured in monolayer cultures of neonatal rat pineal cells grown alone and in co-culture with sympathetic neurons. AChE forms characterized by sedimentation coefficients of 4S, 6.5S, and 10S were found in he neuronal and pineal cultures, as well as in the co-cultures. The 16S AChE form was found only in the neuronal cultures. Total AChE activity increased with culture age in the co-cultures, but it decreased in pineal cells cultured alone. The low level of activity present in the neuronal cultures did not change markedly over the 27-day culture period. These results, which show bidirectional neuron-pineal cell effects, suggest that AChE molecular forms may be important markers to study the mechanisms underlying neuron-target cell interaction in the developing sympathetic nervous system.

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Characteristics of serotonin N‐acetyltransferase stimulation in pineal cell cultures

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Pineal cells enhance choline acetyltransferase activity in sympathetic neurons

Pineal cells enhance choline acetyltransferase activity in sympathetic neurons

Development of an Organ Culture Technique Capable of Monitoring Most Pineal Gland Indole Metabolites

Molecular Forms of Acetylcholinesterase in Pineal Cell and Sympathetic Neuronal Cultures

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