Characteristics of Speech Rate in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Study

Darling-White, Meghan; Sakash, Ashley; Hustad, Katherine C.

doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0003

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Over 50% of children with CP exhibit some sort of speech impairment. 69 Speech production involves respiration together with laryngeal, velopharyngeal and articulatory movements, and any of these functions may be hampered in CP. Motor disorders affecting speech include dysarthria/anarthria and dyspraxia/apraxia of speech.…”

Section: Speech Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Cerebral Palsy: Current Opinions on Definition, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification and Treatment Options</p>

Sadowska¹,

Sarecka-Hujar

Kopyta

2020

NDT

353

197

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Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most frequent causes of motor disability in children. According to the up-to-date definition, CP is a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitations that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing foetal or infant brain. The CP definition has evolved over time; the problem is aetiologically and clinically very heterogeneous. According to European data, the average frequency of CP is 2.08 per 1000 live births, but in the group of children born with a body weight below 1500 g, the frequency is 70 times higher when compared with the group of children with a body weight over 2500 g at birth. The risk factors for CP can be divided into preconception, prenatal, perinatal and postnatal ones. CP commonly co-exists with epilepsy, in particular drug-resistant epilepsy, but also with mental retardation, visual and hearing impairment, as well as feeding and behavioral disorders. The degree of motor problem varies from mild to very severe making the child totally dependent on caregivers. Cerebral palsy is divided into forms depending on the type of motor disorders which dominate the clinical presentation; the traditional classifications by Ingram and Hagberg have now been replaced by the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe classification which divides CP into spastic, dyskinetic and ataxic forms. Although cerebral palsy is a clinical diagnosis, modern diagnostic imaging provides information that allows the division of the results of magnetic resonance imaging in children with cerebral palsy into five groups according to the magnetic resonance imaging classification system. Just as the clinical presentation and the factors predisposing for CP are very diverse, treatment is also a very complex problem. Modern treatment of spasticity includes both botulinum toxin therapies and surgical techniques, eg, rhizotomy. The authors present current views on definitions, risk factors, diagnostics and treatment of CP as well as comorbid problems, eg, drug-resistant epilepsy.

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Section: Speech Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Cerebral Palsy: Current Opinions on Definition, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification and Treatment Options</p>

Sadowska¹,

Sarecka-Hujar

Kopyta

2020

NDT

353

197

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Across the three timepoints, six acoustic measures were examined: (a) articulation rate, (b) SPL, (c) F1 frequencies, (d) F2 frequencies, and (e) F1 difference and (f) F2 difference between vowels. Articulation rate is considered a global index of children's speech production skills (Allison & Hustad, 2018;Darling-White et al, 2018). Additionally, articulation rate and SPL measures were expected to verify the presence of production changes post-treatment (Fox & Boliek, 2012;Pennington et al, 2018) in response to the "big mouth and strong voice" instructions.…”

Section: Acoustic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual and Acoustic Effects of Dual-Focus Speech Treatment in Children With Dysarthria

Levy

Chang

Hwang

et al. 2021

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose Children with dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy may experience reduced speech intelligibility and diminished communicative participation. However, minimal research has been conducted examining the outcomes of behavioral speech treatments in this population. This study examined the effect of Speech Intelligibility Treatment (SIT), a dual-focus speech treatment targeting increased articulatory excursion and vocal intensity, on intelligibility of narrative speech, speech acoustics, and communicative participation in children with dysarthria. Method American English–speaking children with dysarthria ( n = 17) received SIT in a 3-week summer camplike setting at Columbia University. SIT follows motor-learning principles to train the child-friendly, dual-focus strategy, “Speak with your big mouth and strong voice.” Children produced a story narrative at baseline, immediate posttreatment (POST), and at 6-week follow-up (FUP). Outcomes were examined via blinded listener ratings of ease of understanding ( n = 108 adult listeners), acoustic analyses, and questionnaires focused on communicative participation. Results SIT resulted in significant increases in ease of understanding at POST, that were maintained at FUP. There were no significant changes to vocal intensity, speech rate, or vowel spectral characteristics, with the exception of an increase in second formant difference between vowels following SIT. Significantly enhanced communicative participation was evident at POST and FUP. Considerable variability in response to SIT was observed between children . Conclusions Dual-focus treatment shows promise for improving intelligibility and communicative participation in children with dysarthria, although responses to treatment vary considerably across children. Possible mechanisms underlying the intelligibility gains, enhanced communicative participation, and variability in treatment effects are discussed.

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“…Dysarthria in CP is characterized by decreased consonantal and vocalic contrasts (Ansel & Kent, 1992;Coleman & Meyers, 1991;Kim et al, 2011;Platt, Andrews, & Howie, 1980), reduced prosodic control (Patel, 2002(Patel, , 2003(Patel, , 2004, reduced breath support (Redstone, 2004), decreased speaking rate (Allison & Hustad, 2018;Darling-White, Sakash, & Hustad, 2018), and atypical resonance (Allison & Hustad, 2018). Concomitant with these physiological and acoustic variables, decreased speech intelligibility is a prominent characteristic of dysarthria (Darley et al, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech Treatment Effects on Narrative Intelligibility in French-Speaking Children With Dysarthria

Moya‐Galé

Keller

Escorial

et al. 2021

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose This study examined the effects of Speech Intelligibility Treatment (SIT) on intelligibility and naturalness of narrative speech produced by francophone children with dysarthria due to cerebral palsy. Method Ten francophone children with dysarthria were randomized to one of two treatments, SIT or Hand–Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities, a physical therapy (PT) treatment. Both treatments were conducted in a camp setting and were comparable in dosage. The children were recorded pre- and posttreatment producing a story narrative. Intelligibility was measured by means of 60 blinded listeners' orthographic transcription accuracy (percentage of words transcribed correctly). The listeners also rated the children's naturalness on a visual analogue scale. Results A significant pre- to posttreatment increase in intelligibility was found for the SIT group, but not for the PT group, with great individual variability observed among the children. No significant changes were found for naturalness ratings or sound pressure level in the SIT group or the PT group posttreatment. Articulation rate increased in both treatment groups, although not differentially across treatments. Conclusions Findings from this first treatment study on intelligibility in francophone children with dysarthria suggest that SIT shows promise for increasing narrative intelligibility in this population. Acoustic contributors to the increased intelligibility remain to be explored further. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14161943

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Characteristics of Speech Rate in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Study

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

<p>Cerebral Palsy: Current Opinions on Definition, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification and Treatment Options</p>

<p>Cerebral Palsy: Current Opinions on Definition, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification and Treatment Options</p>

Perceptual and Acoustic Effects of Dual-Focus Speech Treatment in Children With Dysarthria

Speech Treatment Effects on Narrative Intelligibility in French-Speaking Children With Dysarthria

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