Characteristics of Static and Dynamic Balance Abilities in Competitive Swimmers

Sugiura, Hiroki; Demura, Shinichi; Kitabayashi, Tamotsu; Shimoyama, Yoshimitsu; Sato, Daisuke; Xu, Ning; Asakura, Yuko

doi:10.12691/ajssm-2-6-1

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, dynamic balance is superior in competitive swimmers than in general students. (14) In this study, a similar method was used to evaluate the participants Balance. As a result, significantly higher proportion of participants had superior Static balance in the study (P-value<0.001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Static and Dynamic Balance in Swimmers

Varma¹,

Gokhale²

2021

Int J Health Sci Res

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Background: Swimming can be defined as an activity in which a person practices a regulated Olympic sport in order to move as fast as possible through the water due to the propulsive forces generated by arm, leg, and body movements overcoming the resistance of water. Swimming is performed in either a supine or prone position with a bilaterally-symmetric motion and is influenced by buoyancy. In other words, it is nearly unaffected by gravity and requires the same muscle exertion of both the right and left extremities. Balance is considered to be an important component of motor performance tasks. It is controlled by the central nervous system with the help of input from the visual, tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular systems (5) Balance can be defined as a condition during which the body's center-of-gravity (COG) is maintained within its base of support (BOS). Methodology: In this study, 50 Competitive swimmers were included. 36 Male and 14 Female, with a mean age, height and weight of 22.68 years, 175.56 cm and 70.94 kg respectively. Each had a swimming career more than 5 years, Training at least 5 days a week for 2 hours or more with an average of 10.12 years, 5.54 days a week for 2.68 hour training sessions. Static Balance was assessed using Balance Error Scoring System where the subjects were asked to stand with their eyes closed for 20 seconds in 6 Different Positions and the number of errors made were noted. Dynamic Balance was assessed using Star Excursion Balance Test were, a Star was marked on the ground to have 8 directions. The subject stood in the center of the star and had to reach as far as they could in each direction. This distance from the middle to the point of contact of their toe was noted and relative distance was calculated using Limb Length. The Results of both the test was compared with the normal data present. Result: The result of the test done to evaluate static balance; BESS showed that out of 50 participants 19 had superior balance, 18 had above average balance and 13 had broadly normal balance and the errors on the firm surface and soft surface had a mean and standard deviation of 2 ± 1.12 and 4.1±1.31 respectively. On the other hand, the test done to evaluate dynamic balance; SEBT showed that in each direction on an average the swimmer could reach 119.21±8.39 % relative distance in each direction. Conclusion: Different tests were conducted in the study to understand if competitive swimmers are somehow weak in terms of static and dynamic balance. The entire study is based on the effectiveness of maintaining and enhancing the static and dynamic stability among the swimmers. This study concludes that competitive swimmers have Superior Static and Dynamic Balance because of strong core muscles used to keep their body streamlined during swimming and good flexibility and neuromuscular feedback. Key words: Balance, Swimmers, Star Excursion Balance test (SEBT), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Static and Dynamic Balance in Swimmers

Varma¹,

Gokhale²

2021

Int J Health Sci Res

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“…Yüzme hareketleri yürümeye benzememekte ve suyun kaldırma kuvvetinden dolayı yürüyüşteki gibi dengenin korunmasına gereksinim duyulmadan su direncine karşı sadece konsantrik veya izokinetik kasılmalar kullanılmaktadır. 13 Diğer yandan, birçok çalışmada, pilates sonrasında bireylerin 6 dk testindeki yürüme mesafelerinin arttığı rapor edilmiştir. 26,27 Postmenopozal kadınlar üzerinde egzersizin fiziksel uygunluk ve yaşam kalitesi üze-rine etkisini araştıran bir diğer çalışmada, egzersiz sonrası yürüme mesafesinde, Borg skalasında ve maksimum VO 2 değerlerinde istatistiksel anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür.…”

Section: Katilimcilarunclassified

“…Kara da ve suda yapılan egzersizin, insan vücudunda oluşturduğu fizyolojik değişiklikler-den dolayı kas zayıflığını, yürümeyi ve denge bozukluğunu önlediği araştırma sonuçları ile bildirilmektedir. 12,13 Bunun yanı sıra karada yapı-lan egzersiz, kemik ve eklem çevresindeki kasları güçlendirerek sağlıklı olmasına yardımcı olur iken; yüzme egzersizleri ile kuvvet kaybı, denge ve koordinasyon yetersizliği, azalan eklem hareket açık-lığı su içi egzersizlerinde gözlenen gelişimlerdir. Karada egzersiz yaparken, bireylerin vücudun dikey pozisyonunu korumak için harcadığı yer çe-kimine karşı uygulanan antigravitasyonel kuvvet sebebiyle dengeleri yüzücülerden daha yüksektir.…”

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“…Çünkü, yüzme sırasında dengeyi sağlayacak yer çe-kimi kuvveti, suyun kaldırma kuvveti sebebiyle minimum düzeydedir. 13 Kadınlarda, kas-iskelet sistemine bağlı ağrıla-rın yürüme bozukluklarına, merdiven çıkmakta zorlanmaya ve bozuk dengeye yol açtığı belirtilmektedir.…”

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“…13 Özel çalıştırıcıların çeşitli avantaj ve dezavantajlarını dikkate alarak bireylerin sağlık ve fiziksel uygunluk özelliklerine göre kara ve suda yapılan egzersiz programlarını önermesi gerekmektedir. Ülkemizde erkeklere kıyasla, fiziksel aktivite ve egzersiz düzeyi düşük olan kadınların su da ve karada yapılan fiziksel etkinliklerin etkileri ile avantaj ve dezavantajlarını ortaya koymaya yö-nelik üç grubun karşılaştırıldığı deneysel veya yarı deneysel bir çalışma yoktur.…”

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