Characteristics of suspensions of Kuwait oil and Corexit 7664 and their short-and long-term effects on Tisbe bulbisetosa (Copepoda: Harpacticoida)

Venezia, L. Dalla; Fossato, V.U.

doi:10.1007/bf00397747

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This finding agrees favorably with that of previous investigations (David George 1971;Swedmark et al 1973;Baldini and Cugurra 1974;Dalla Venezia and Fossato 1977;Anderson et al 1985). Comparisons with earlier investigations also show that spiked-exposure testing yielded generally higher toxicity values than conventional constant-exposure methods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Comparative toxicity of Corexit� 7664 to the early life stages of four marine species

Singer

George

Jacobson

et al. 1994

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Abstract. The toxicity of the oil dispersing agent Corexit ® 7664 was evaluated using the early life stages of four California marine species: the red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), the topsmelt (Atherinops affinis), a mysid (Holmesimysis costata), and the giant kelp (Macrocystispyrifera). Spiked-exposure, continuous-flow toxicity tests of 48-96 h were performed in triplicate in closed test chambers. Dispersant concentrations were measured by UV spectrophotometry. In terms of median-effect concentration, the order of test sensitivity was Haliotis > Atherinops > Holmesimysis > Macrocystis. NOEC data also showed Haliotis tests to be the most sensitive, with Macrocystis tests having similar values, followed by Atherinops and Holmesimysis tests, respectively. Toxicity of Corexit ® 7664 was compared to that of Corexit ® 9527, and the latter was found to be more toxic to all four species; interspecific rankings were similar for the two agents.At the time of the 1967 Torrey Canyon spill, oil dispersing agents were mainly used to clean tanker holds, bilges, and so forth, and were generally based on aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as kerosene (National Research Council 1989). One of the main realizations to come from the ecological disaster of the Torrey Canyon incident was that these mostly solvent-based spill removers were highly toxic in and of themselves and thus were not acceptable for further use in the environment (Smith 1968). In response, a second generation of dispersants were formulated that relied more heavily on less toxic constituents, such as aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, nonionic surfactants, and water. Corexit ® 7664 was one of the first of these to be marketed.As part of an ongoing evaluation of the toxicity of oil dispersants licensed for use in California, the effects of Corexit ® 7664 on the early life stages of four indigenous nearshore marineCorrespondence to: M. M. Singer species were investigated. The four--the red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), a kelp forest mysid (Holmesimysis costata), the topsmelt (Atherinops affinis), and the giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)--represent a wide taxonomic and trophic range and are economically and/or ecologically important (Singer et al. 1990a). This suite of tests utilizes the early life stages of each of these species. However, the endpoints vary: two are sublethal and two are lethal.Since effective dispersant use at sea is predicated on sufficient environmental mixing energy (in the form of wind, swell), the use of spiked exposures allows for a more realistic modeling of field exposure conditions (Singer et al. 1991).Toxicity testing followed previously established procedures for flow-through, spiked-exposure dispersant testing (Singer et al.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Toxicity values reported in the literature range from several hundred to >105 parts per million, depending on test species and length of exposure (David George 1971;McManus and Connell 1972;Swedmark et al 1973;Nagell et al 1974;Dalla Venezia and Fossato 1977;Wilson 1977;Doe and Wells 1978;Anderson et al 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative toxicity of Corexit� 7664 to the early life stages of four marine species

Singer

George

Jacobson

et al. 1994

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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“…Naupliar stages of meiobenthic copepods were consistently the most sensitive in aqueous exposures to heavy metals (Verriopoulus & Moraitou-Apostolopoulou 1982, O'Brien et al 1988, Hutchingson et al 1994) and chlorpyrifos . Higher tolerance of female copepods, as observed with N. lacustris, has been reported for other species of copepods in aqueous and sediment exposures to PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and petroleum hydrocarbons (Dalla Venezia et al 1981, DiPinto et al 1993, Carman & Todaro 1996 and has been speculated to be related to the elimination of hydrophobic contaminants via egg production (Dipinto et al 1993).…”

Section: Effects On Survivalmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effects of sediment-associated phenanthrene on survival, development and reproduction of two species of meiobenthic copepods

Gr¹,

Jw²

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The lethal and sublethal toxlclty of phendnthrene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAH) to 2 species of meiobenthic estuarine harpacticoid copepods (Schfzopera knabeni dnd Nitocra lacustrfs) was ~nvestlgated Individuals of different life stages ( n a u p l~u s copepodite, adult male and female) were exposed to sediment-associated phenanthrene In separate 10 d bioassays Overall A' lacustns (10 d LCj, values ranglng from 43 to 105 pg g ' d~y wt) was more sensitive than S knabeni (10 d LCSD values ranging from 84 to 349 pg g ' dry \vt) Signlflcant differences In life-stage-speclfic sensitivity wele observed for S knabeni, with the nauplll belng most seniltive tolloived by copepodltes and adults, adult males and females \Yere equally sensltlve For N Iacustris females wele significantly more sensltlve than all other stages no s i g n~f~c a n t d~tferences \yere evldent among the other stages Phenanthrene effects on offspring productlon were invest~gated In the adult 10 d b~oassay Significant decreases in offspring productlon occurred at sublethal concentratlons for S knabenl (as low as 22 1-19 g.' d r y wt) but d t concentratlons In the same lange as the 10 d LC5,values for A' ldcustr~s In addition phenanthrene slgnlficantly prolonged embryonic and larval development and decreased e g g hatching success for both species Our results suggest that PAHs have a negative effect on the reprod u c t~o n of melobenthic copepods at sublethal concentrations mostly due to a decrease In brood prod u c t~o n rate and impalrlnent of hatchlng Overall, deleterious effects were manifested in the same range of concentratlons for both species but deflnite specles-spec~flc differences In the pattern of responses were evident

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“…Laboratory tolerance studies conducted on copepods show a contradictory picture of oil impacts, however. Some copepod species reveal greatly affected survivorship (Kontagiannis and Barnet, 1973), feeding (Ben-nan and Heinie, 1980) and reproductive output (Ustach, 1979), while others show high tolerance to hydrocarbons (Dalla Venezia and Fossato, 1977). Refined oils are more toxic than crudes like the South Louisiana crude used in this experiment (Rossi et al, 1976;Carr and Reish, 1977); however, the amount of crude oil applied here would be expected to cause stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Meiofauna responses to an experimental oil spill in a Louisiana salt marsh

Fleeger¹,

Chandler²

1983

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Characteristics of suspensions of Kuwait oil and Corexit 7664 and their short-and long-term effects on Tisbe bulbisetosa (Copepoda: Harpacticoida)

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Comparative toxicity of Corexit� 7664 to the early life stages of four marine species

Comparative toxicity of Corexit� 7664 to the early life stages of four marine species

Effects of sediment-associated phenanthrene on survival, development and reproduction of two species of meiobenthic copepods

Meiofauna responses to an experimental oil spill in a Louisiana salt marsh

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