Characteristics of the aluminum alloy plasma produced by a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with different irradiances

Luo, Wei; Zhao, Xiaoxue; Sun, Qing; Gao, Chao; Tang, Jie; Wang, H. J.; Zhao, Wei

doi:10.1007/s12043-010-0086-8

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This can be explained as follows: when a nanosecond laser interacts with the material it heats up the target until its melting point is reached and eventually causes it to eject into the form of vapor (Farid et al, 2013). Initially, at lower irradiances the ablation rate increases with the increase of laser irradiance which in turn increases the temperature and charge particle density in the plasma (Luo et al, 2010). The background pressure also effectively confines the plasma species which further adds to increase the temperature and density of charged particle by reducing its expansion rate.…”

Section: Libs Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of laser irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced plasma parameters of zinc

et al. 2014

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The effect of laser-irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of zinc has been investigated by employing Nd:YAG laser (wavelength λ = 1064 nm, pulse duration t ~ 10 ns, and repetition rate = 10 Hz) under ambient environment of argon at a pressure of 20 Torr. For this purpose, zinc targets were exposed to various laser irradiances ranging from 13 GW/cm2 to 100 GW/cm2. Scanning electron microscope analysis has been performed to analyze the surface modification of irradiated zinc targets. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed the formation of various kinds of structures such as ripples, cones, cavities, and wave like ridges at the center and peripheral regions of ablated zinc. In the central ablated region with increasing laser irradiance, the growth of distinct and well defined ripples is observed. Further increase in irradiance makes the appearance of these ripples diffusive and narrow. In order to correlate the plasma parameters with the surface modification, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis has also been performed. The electron temperature and number density of zinc plasma have been evaluated at various laser irradiances. For both plasma parameters, an increasing trend up to a certain value of laser irradiance is observed which is due to enhanced energy deposition. Afterword a decreasing trend is achieved which is attributed to the shielding effect. With further increase in irradiance a saturation stage comes and almost no change in plasma parameters is observed. This saturation is explainable on the basis of the formation of a self-regulating regime near the target surface. A strong correlation between surface modification and plasma parameters is established.

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Section: Libs Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of laser irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced plasma parameters of zinc

et al. 2014

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confidence: 99%

“…radiations in this process are used for the identification of the elemental composition of the sample [7][8][9].…”

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Influence of laser energy on the electron temperature of a laser-induced Mg plasma

Asamoah

Yao

2016

Appl. Phys. B

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radiations in this process are used for the identification of the elemental composition of the sample [7][8][9].LIBS offers many advantages over other spectroscopic techniques such as mass spectroscopy, electrode spark and inductively coupled plasma. Some of LIBS unique advantages include the ability to make in situ analysis even in hostile environment, remote sensing, little or no preparation of the sample, and multi-element analysis [10][11][12]. Based on these advantages, LIBS has been extensively investigated on several samples including liquids [13], gases [14] and as well from non-conducting and conducting solids [15].LIBS is also a spectroscopic technique for the determination of the density of electron, electron temperature and number densities of the plasma plume [16,17]. Laserinduced plasma temperatures are influenced by various experimental conditions such as ambient surrounding, laser energy and laser pulse width. Most of the studies on LIBS temperatures report that the plasma temperature tends to increase with increasing laser energy, pulse width, laser wavelength and ambient pressure [18][19][20][21].Although LIBS has been employed successfully in several experimental and theoretical works, to analyze the spectroscopic composition of the samples, there are still many aspects which need to be investigated [6]. For example, Barthelemy et al. [22] investigated the influence of the laser parameters of an aluminum-induced plasma. They reported that the temperature slightly decreases at the plasma edge and close to the aluminum surface. This decrease in temperature at the plasma edge is basically caused by radiative cooling, while the decrease in temperature at the aluminum surface is as a result of thermal conduction. The authors also found that at the first microsecond of the ablation plume, the electron density was spatially homogeneous.Zhang et al.[23] also reported on the influence of laser parameters on plasma temperature. Their results predicted Abstract The magnesium plasma induced by a 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in atmospheric air was investigated. The evolution of the plasma was studied by acquiring spectral images at different laser energies and delay times. We observed that the intensities of the spectral lines decrease with larger delay times. The electron temperature was determined using the Boltzmann plot method. At a delay time of 100 ns and laser energy of 350 mJ, the electron temperature attained their highest value at 10164 K and then decreases slowly up to 8833.6 K at 500 ns. We found that the electron temperature of the magnesium plasma increases rapidly with increasing laser energy.

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“…With the increase in fluences up to the maximum value of laser fluence, they get saturated in the third regime. This trend can be explained as follows: Initially, ablation rate of teeth sample increases with increase in laser fluence [21]. The ablated plume also interacts with the trailing edge of the incoming laser light and absorbs energy from it resulting in its further heating and ionization Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of human deciduous teeth samples

et al. 2015

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis of human deciduous teeth has been performed by employing Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns) for the evaluation of plasma parameters as well as elemental analysis. The plasma parameters, i.e., electron temperature and electron number density of laser-induced teeth plasma at various fluencies, have been evaluated. Both parameters show an increasing trend up to a certain value of laser fluence, i.e., 2.6 J/cm(2). With further increase in laser fluence up to a value of 3.9 J/cm(2), a decreasing trend is observed which is due to shielding effect. With further increase in laser fluence up to a maximum value of 10.5 J/cm(2), the insignificant changes in plasma parameters are observed which are attributed to saturation phenomenon governed by self-regulating regime. Emission spectroscopy results exhibit that laser fluence is the controlling factor for both plasma parameters. The elemental analysis was also performed at constant laser fluence of 2.6 J/cm(2) by evaluating the variation in detected elemental concentration of Ca, Fe, Sr, Zn, and Pb in three different parts of human teeth, i.e., enamel, dentine, and cementum. The lower concentration of Ca as compared to the standard values of CaCO3 (self-fabricated pellet) reveals that enamel is the most deciduous part of the human teeth. However, at the same time, it is also observed that the highest concentration of micro minerals is also found in enamel, then in dentine, and lowest in cementum. Carious or unhealthy tooth is identified by enhanced concentration of micro minerals (Pb, Sr, Zn, and Fe). The highest concentration of micro minerals as compared to other parts of teeth (dentine and root cementum) and lower concentration of Ca as compared to standard CaCO3 pellet in enamel confirm that enamel is the most deciduous part of the teeth.

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Characteristics of the aluminum alloy plasma produced by a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with different irradiances

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of laser irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced plasma parameters of zinc

Effect of laser irradiance on the surface morphology and laser induced plasma parameters of zinc

Influence of laser energy on the electron temperature of a laser-induced Mg plasma

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of human deciduous teeth samples

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