Characteristics of the frequency of congenital cliffs of the upper lip and palate in newborns in the Sughd region

Abstract

Objective. This study aims to determine the prevalence of congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) in newborns within the Sughd region..Material and methods. A retrospective epidemiological study was performed on 346 newborn patients with CCLP who attended to the dental departments of medical institutions in the Sughd region from 2016 to 2021.Results and discussion. The Sughd region revealed a high incidence of CCLP in newborns, with 69.2% (n=346) affected. The highest incidence was observed in 2018 at 25.7% (n=89), and the lowest in 2020 at 5.5% (n=19). The significant reduction in 2020 might be related to fewer consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of the total cases, 223 were boys and 123 were girls, giving a ratio of 1.8:1. The majority of the affected newborns, 61.0% (n=211), were between ages 0-3, followed by those aged 3-8 years at 23.7% (n=82). Notably, 83.0% (n=287) of these patients resided in rural areas. Unilateral CCLP was predominant, representing 79.5% (n=241), with the remaining 20.5% (n=62) being bilateral.Conclusion. The frequency of occurrence of the number of newborns with congenital cleft lip and palate in the Sughd region significantly prevailed compared to other regions of the republic, which requires further study of the causative factors leading to the development of this pathology in the region.