Abstract| F undamental and advanced developments in neuro-fuzzy synergisms for modeling and control are reviewed. The essential part of neuro-fuzzy synergisms comes from a common framework called adaptive networks, which uni es both neural networks and fuzzy models. The fuzzy models under the framework of adaptive n e t works is called ANFIS (Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System), which possess certain advantages over neural networks. We introduce the design methods for ANFIS in both modeling and control applications. Current problems and future directions for neuro-fuzzy approaches are also addressed.