Characteristics of the <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i> isolated from <i>Quercus</i> in Slovakia

Adamčíková, Katarína; Kobza, M.; Juhásová, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00618.x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The pathogen can also survive and readily sporulate on fresh dead wood, which is considered to have an important epidemiological role (Prospero et al, 2006;Meyer et al, 2019). Although C. parasitica is considered a primary pathogen only on C. dentata and C. sativa (Anagnostakis, 1987;Bragança et al, 2011), it has also been occasionally detected on various Quercus species in different European countries, such as Greece (Tziros et al, 2015), the Czech Republic (Haltofová et al, 2005), Italy (Biraghi, 1950;Dallavalle and Zambonelli, 1999) and Slovakia (Adamčíková et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Pathogenic Potential of Cryphonectria parasitica and Related Species on Three Common European Fagaceae

Dennert

Rigling

Meyer

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Invasions by non-native pathogens represent a major threat to managed and natural ecosystems worldwide. Although necessary for adopting preventive strategies, the identification of invasive species before they are introduced is particularly difficult. Indeed, most pathogenic species that have become established in the last decades were first described only after they became invasive. To prevent further biological invasions, not only the early identification of potential new invasive plant pathogens is crucial, but also the assessment of their potential host range. In this study, we determined the pathogenicity and the saprotrophic ability of three Cryphonectria species toward three potential hosts in the family Fagaceae. For this, seedlings and dormant stems of European chestnut (Castanea sativa), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) were inoculated with different genotypes of C. parasitica (Asian species, invasive in Europe), C. naterciae (European species), and C. japonica (Asian species, not present in Europe). Lesion growth was measured and mortality assessed for 4 months. The highest damage was caused by C. parasitica on European chestnut, while C. japonica and C. naterciae induced significantly smaller lesions on this host species. All three Cryphonectria species did not grow saprophytically on F. sylvatica and Q. robur, but successfully colonized dormant stems of C. sativa. In the context of biological invasions, our study shows that the Asian C. japonica most likely represents a much less severe threat than C. parasitica for the tested European host species. Nonetheless, the ability of C. naterciae and C. japonica to saprotrophically colonize fresh chestnut wood may suggest that they could become established in chestnut forests and eventually infect weakened chestnut trees or other hosts not tested in this study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Pathogenic Potential of Cryphonectria parasitica and Related Species on Three Common European Fagaceae

Dennert

Rigling

Meyer

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…parasitica has also been reported on Q. petraea in Switzerland (Bissegger and Heiniger, 1991), Hungary (Szabó et al, 2009) and Slovakia (Adamcikova et al, 2010). parasitica has also been reported on Q. petraea in Switzerland (Bissegger and Heiniger, 1991), Hungary (Szabó et al, 2009) and Slovakia (Adamcikova et al, 2010).…”

Section: Host Rangementioning

confidence: 89%

“…C. parasitica has also been reported on Q. petraea in Switzerland (Bissegger and Heiniger, 1991), Hungary (Szabó et al, 2009) and Slovakia (Adamcikova et al, 2010). Other oaks, such as Q. virginiana (live oak) and Q. stellata (post oak), are often affected by C. parasitica in North America and some trees may be killed.…”

Section: Host Rangementioning

confidence: 95%

Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation ofCryphonectria parasitica(Murrill) Barr

2014

EFSA Journal

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The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to perform a pest categorisation of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr, the fungal pathogen responsible for chestnut blight, a highly destructive disease that kills trees through bark cankers. The pathogen is listed in Annex IIAII of Directive 2000/29/EC. Its identity is clearly defined as C. parasitica (Murrill) Barr and methods exist for its discriminative detection. Several hosts are known, but the main hosts are species of Castanea and Quercus, particularly C. sativa and Q. petraea. These two host species are present in all the EU Member States and the disease has been recorded in most parts of the risk assessment area. C. parasitica is absent in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Malta, Iceland and Norway. No information is available on the presence of the pathogen in Latvia, Lithuania or Luxembourg. In the Czech Republic and Poland, C. parasitica has been eradicated. There are no recognised ecological or climatic factors limiting the potential establishment of the pathogen in the EU Member States where the pathogen is not known to occur. The pathogen can spread by propagules (mainly conidia, but also ascospores and mycelium) that are dispersed by wind, rain or vectors, as well as via the movement of infected or contaminated host plants for planting and bark, particularly asymptomatic ones. Control methods used against C. parasitica include exclusion and eradication, chemical control, host genetic resistance and biological control (hypovirulence). The most successful control methods of C. parasitica in the EU are exclusion and eradication, and hypovirulence. Potential consequences of the damage caused by C. parasitica include yield losses of fruit and wood, reduction in biodiversity and habitat loss for associated organisms.

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“…Moreover, the presence of other saprophytic fungi on chestnut bark often makes isolation difficult, and identification of C . parasitica requires well‐trained, specialist staff to generate accurate results (EPPO, ; Adamčíková et al ., ). The rapid isolation of genomic DNA coupled with molecular detection tools allows quicker diagnosis than culturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A real‐time PCR assay for improved rapid, specific detection of Cryphonectria parasitica

Rubio

Barnes

Webb

et al. 2017

Annals of Applied Biology

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Cryphonectria parasitica, an ascomycete fungus, is the causal agent of chestnut blight. This highly destructive disease of chestnut trees causes significant losses, and is therefore a regulated pathogen in Europe. Existing methods for the detection of C. parasitica include morphological identification following culturing, or PCR; however, these are time-consuming resulting in delays to diagnosis. To allow improved detection, a new specific real-time PCR assay was designed to detect C. parasitica directly from plant material and fungal cultures, and was validated according to the European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) standard PM 7/98. The analytical specificity of the assay was tested extensively using a panel of species taxonomically closely related to Cryphonectria, fungal species associated with the hosts and healthy plant material. The assay was found to be specific to C. parasitica, whilst the analytical sensitivity of the assay was established as 2 pg μL −1 of DNA. Comparative testing of 63 samples of naturally infected plant material by the newly developed assay and traditional morphological diagnosis demonstrated an increased diagnostic sensitivity when using the real-time PCR assay. Furthermore the assay is able to detect both virulent and hypovirulent strains of C. parasitica. Therefore the new real-time PCR assay can be used to provide reliable, rapid, specific detection of C. parasitica to prevent the accidental movement of the disease and to monitor its spread.

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Characteristics of the Cryphonectria parasitica isolated from Quercus in Slovakia

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Testing the Pathogenic Potential of Cryphonectria parasitica and Related Species on Three Common European Fagaceae

Testing the Pathogenic Potential of Cryphonectria parasitica and Related Species on Three Common European Fagaceae

Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation ofCryphonectria parasitica(Murrill) Barr

A real‐time PCR assay for improved rapid, specific detection of Cryphonectria parasitica

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