Characteristics of the Raindrop Size Distribution in Tropical Continental Squall Lines Observed in Darwin, Australia

Maki, Masayuki; Keenan, T. D.; Sasaki, Yukari; Nakamura, Kenji

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<1393:cotrsd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 118 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…3, which indicates a rapid decrease in the massweighted mean diameter in the wake of the convection (after ∼11:30 UTC). The values of D m here are consistent with those presented by Uijlenhoet et al (2003) and Maki et al (2001) for squall lines observed in the United States and Australia, respectively. In the transition zone, D m values of approximately 1 mm indicate small drop spectra, while in a convective downdraft following the transition zone, characteristic D m values increase to 2.5 to 3 mm.…”

Section: Dsd Parameterssupporting

confidence: 91%

Microphysical retrievals from simultaneous polarimetric and profiling radar observations

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The character of precipitation detected at the surface is the final product of many microphysical interactions in the cloud above, the combined effects of which may be characterized by the observed drop size distribution (DSD). This necessitates accurate retrieval of the DSD from remote sensing data, especially radar as it offers large areal coverage, high spatial resolution, and rigorous quality control and testing. Combined instrument observations with a UHF wind profiler, an S-band polarimetric weather radar, and a video disdrometer are analyzed for two squall line events occuring during the calendar year 2007. UHF profiler Doppler velocity spectra are used to estimate the DSD aloft, and are complemented by DSDs retrieved from an exponential model applied to polarimetric data. Ground truth is provided by the disdrometer. A complicating factor in the retrieval from UHF profiler spectra is the presence of ambient air motion, which can be corrected using the method proposed by Teshiba et al. (2009), in which a comparison between idealized Doppler spectra calculated from the DSDs retrieved from KOUN and those retrieved from contaminated wind profiler spectra is performed. It is found that DSDs measured using the distrometer at the surface and estimated using the wind profiler and polarimetric weather radar generally showed good agreement. The DSD retrievals using the wind profiler were improved when the estimates of the vertical wind were included into the analysis, thus supporting the method of Teshiba et al. (2009). Furthermore, the the study presents a method of investigating the time and height structure of DSDs.

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Section: Dsd Parameterssupporting

confidence: 91%

Microphysical retrievals from simultaneous polarimetric and profiling radar observations

et al. 2009

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“…Battan [3] presented a list with 69 different Z-R relationships for different climatic conditions in different parts of the world. There can be dramatic changes in Z-R law parameters within an individual storm as well as between storms [6][7][8][9][10]. These changes are clearly identified with the physical processes acting to form the rain event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical Rain Classification and Estimation of Rain From Z-R (Reflectivity-Rain Rate) Relationships

Kumar

Lee²,

Yeo³

et al. 2011

PIER B

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Abstract-A Z-R relation is derived using a data set which consists of nine rain events selected from Singapore's drop size distribution. Rain events are separated into convective and stratiform types of rain using two methods: the Gamache-Houze method, a simple threshold technique, and the Atlas-Ulbrich method. In the Atlas-Ulbrich method, the variability of the rain integral parameters R, Z, N w , D 0 and gamma model parameter µ are used for the classification of rain into convective, stratiform and transition. Z-R relations are derived for each type of rain after classification. The changes in the coefficients of the Z-R relations for different rain events are plotted and analyzed. The Z-R relations of the different methods using the Singapore data are compared and analyzed. It is concluded that the coefficient A of the Z-R relation is higher for the convective stage followed by the stratiform and transition stages. The coefficient b values are higher for the transition stage followed by the stratiform and convective stages. Reflectivities are extracted from RADAR data above NTU site for rain events and compared with the reflectivities derived from the distrometer data. Rain rates retrieved from RADAR data using the proposed relations from Singapore's data set are compared with the distrometer rain rates. The RADAR extracted rain rates are found to be constantly lower than the distrometer derived rain rates but matches well.

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“…This renormalization, originally introduced in (Ignaccolo et al, 2009;Ignaccolo and De Michele, 2010), operates differently from the other renormalizations available in Literature, e.g. (Willis, 1984;Sempere Torres et al, 1994;Maki et al, 2001;Testud et al, 2001;Uijlenhoet et al, 2003;Campos et al, 2006;Hazenberg et al, 2011). In fact Eq.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skewness as measure of the invariance of instantaneous renormalized drop diameter distributions – Part 2: Orographic precipitation

Ignaccolo

Michele

2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Here we use the skewness parameter, and the procedure developed in the companion paper (Ignaccolo and De Michele, 2012), to investigate the variability of instantaneous renormalized spectra of rain drop diameter in presence of orographic precipitation. Disdrometer data, available at Bodega Bay and Cazadero, California, are analyzed either as a whole, or as divided (using the bright band echo) in precipitation intervals weakly and strongly influenced by orography, and compared to results obtained at Darwin, Australia. We find that also at Bodega Bay and Cazadero exists a most common distribution of the skewness values of instantaneous spectra of drop diameter, but peaked at values greater than 0.64, found at Darwin. No appreciable differences are found in the skewness distributions of precipitation weakly and strongly influenced by orography. However the renormalized drop diameter spectra of precipitation with strong orographic component have fatter right tail than precipitation with a weaker orographic component. The differences between orographic and non-orographic precipitation are investigated within the parametric space represented by number of drops, mean value and standard deviation of drop diameter. A filter is developed which is able to identify 1 min time intervals during which precipitation is mostly of orographic origin.

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Characteristics of the Raindrop Size Distribution in Tropical Continental Squall Lines Observed in Darwin, Australia

Cited by 118 publications

References 39 publications

Microphysical retrievals from simultaneous polarimetric and profiling radar observations

Microphysical retrievals from simultaneous polarimetric and profiling radar observations

Tropical Rain Classification and Estimation of Rain From Z-R (Reflectivity-Rain Rate) Relationships

Skewness as measure of the invariance of instantaneous renormalized drop diameter distributions – Part 2: Orographic precipitation

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