Characteristics of thermally expanded core fiber

Kihara, Masaru; Matsumoto, Michito; Haibara, Tadashi; Tomita, Shigeru

doi:10.1109/50.541209

Cited by 80 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Some aromatic polymers, such as polyimides, exhibit a very large birefringence (up to 0.24) that is attributed to the strong preference of aromatic moieties to align with their planes oriented along the film surfaces. However, the birefringence can be extremely low (10 À5 -10 À16 , the limit of measurement) in polymers that undergo little molecular orientation during processing, as is common in three-dimensionally crosslinked polymers (Kihara et al 1996b;Ma et al 2002).…”

Section: Materials Characterization and Performance Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Based Optical Waveguides

Tong¹

2013

Advanced Materials for Integrated Optical Waveguides

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Polymer optical waveguides would play a key role in broadband communications, such as optical networking, metropolitan access communications, and computing systems, due mainly to their easier processibility and integration over inorganic counterparts. The combined advantages also make them an ideal integration platform where foreign material systems, such as yttrium iron garnet and lithium niobate, as well as semiconductor devices such as lasers, detectors, amplifiers, and logic circuits can be inserted into an etched groove in a planar lightwave circuit to enable full amplifier modules or optical add/drop multiplexers on a single substrate. Moreover, the combination of flexibility and toughness in optical polymers makes it suitable for vertical integration to realize 3D and even all-polymer integrated optics. This chapter would provide a brief review about polymer-based optical waveguides, including suitable polymer waveguide systems, their processing and fabrication techniques, and the integrated optical waveguide components and circuits derived from these materials. Rationale of Polymers Used for Optical WaveguidesAs discussed in previous chapters, depending on the phenomenon of total internal reflection guided wave optics can confine light in the optical waveguide, a material surrounded by other materials with lower refractive indices. Optical waveguides may be thin-film deposits used in integrated optical circuits or a filament of dielectric material usually circular in the cross section used in fiber optics. Depending on various possible patterns or propagating or standing electromagnetic fields, there are single-mode and multi-mode optical waveguides. Each mode is characterized by its frequency, effective refractive index, polarization, power distribution, electric field strength, and magnetic field strength.With the rapid advance of integrated optics, the importance of optical waveguides, which are the fundamental elements of optical integrated circuits (ICs), has been widely recognized. For example, the further success of broadband X.C. Tong, Advanced Materials for Integrated Optical Waveguides, Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics 46, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-01550-7_9, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 377 communications in optical networking, metro/access communications, and computing will rely on the advancement of optical interconnects, optical components, such as splitters, combiners, multiplexers, and demultiplexers, optical switches/modulators, tunable filters, variable optical attenuators (VOAs), amplifiers, and integrated optical circuits that are based on optical waveguides. While the basic technologies for the design and production of many integrated optical waveguide devices are in place, a great many materials have also been developed. Today, glass optical fibers are routinely used for high-speed data transfer. Although these fibers provide a convenient means for carrying optical information over long distances, they are inconvenient for complex high-density...

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Section: Materials Characterization and Performance Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Based Optical Waveguides

Tong¹

2013

Advanced Materials for Integrated Optical Waveguides

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“…The method of a thermally expanded core (TEC) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] technique for SMFs which was firstly studied by M.N. Mcland rich in 1988 [12] has been successfully used to improve the coupling efficiency between the small-core SMFs and the large mode field fibers [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of high-efficiency pump and signal combiner based on a thermally expanded core technique

Zhao

Chang

Chen

et al. 2015

Optics & Laser Technology

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“…In these expressions components: 10 log (n 2 /n 1 ) + 10 log (W 2 /W 1 ) for A 12 and 10 log (n 1 /n 2 ) + 10 log (W 1 /W 2 ) for A 21 result from the method of measurement and can not be subjected to optimization, as they depend on the backscatter of fibers used for fusion: expressions (6), (8) and (11). Only the components resulting from optical power coupling between spliced fibers, that is, 20 log (0.…”

Section: Reflectometric Measurement Of Splices With Thermally Expandementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For equalized, in the point of contact, mode field radii and their linear change in the transit area, the biggest splice loss of this area (the worst case) occurs for the minimal value of transmission coefficient T f , described as [10,11]:…”

Section: Reflectometric Measurement Of Splices With Thermally Expandementioning

confidence: 99%

Reflectometric measurements of thermally expanded core area

Ratuszek¹,

Zakrzewski²,

Majewski³

2010

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

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Abstract.In this work an analysis method of one-way optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) measurements has been presented. This method uniquely confirms mode field radii matching in diffusion transit area of the thermally expanded core (TEC) of thermally connected single mode telecommunication fibers. A comparison of reflectometric measurements with theoretical calculations of losses in TEC areas has been demonstrated.

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Characteristics of thermally expanded core fiber

Cited by 80 publications

References 16 publications

Polymer-Based Optical Waveguides

Polymer-Based Optical Waveguides

Fabrication of high-efficiency pump and signal combiner based on a thermally expanded core technique

Reflectometric measurements of thermally expanded core area

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