Characteristics of total mercury (TM) wet deposition: Scavenging of atmospheric mercury species

Seo, Yong-Seok; Han, Yong; Choi, Hyun-Deok; Holsen, Thomas M.; Yi, Seung‐Muk

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.031

Cited by 49 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A supporting observation is that sites in the southern part of the study area (IN21, IN22, IN28, IL63 and KY10) had significantly higher weekly precipitation depths (p < 0.001) than sites in the northern part of the study area (IN34, MI52 and OH52). The substantial influence of precipitation depth on precipitation-Hg deposition has been reported by other research [10,16,[51][52][53].…”

Section: Spatial Patterns In Hg Depositionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Spatial Patterns and Temporal Changes in Atmospheric-Mercury Deposition for the Midwestern USA, 2001–2016

Risch

Kenski²

2018

Atmosphere

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Spatial patterns and temporal changes in atmospheric-mercury (Hg) deposition were examined in a five-state study area in the Midwestern USA where 32% of the stationary sources of anthropogenic Hg emissions in the continental USA were located. An extensive monitoring record for wet and dry Hg deposition was compiled for 2001-2016, including 4666 weekly precipitation samples at 13 sites and 27 annual litterfall-Hg samples at 7 sites. This study is the first to examine these Hg data for the Midwestern USA. The median annual precipitation-Hg deposition at the study sites was 10.4 micrograms per square meter per year (µg/m 2 /year) and ranged from 5.8 µg/m 2 /year to 15.0 µg/m 2 /year. The median annual Hg concentration was 9.4 ng/L. Annual litterfall-Hg deposition had a median of 16.1 µg/m 2 /year and ranged from 9.7 to 23.4 µg/m 2 /year. Isopleth maps of annual precipitation-Hg deposition indicated a recurring spatial pattern similar to one revealed by statistical analysis of weekly precipitation-Hg deposition. In that pattern, high Hg deposition in southeastern Indiana was present each year, frequently extending to southern Illinois. Most of central Indiana and central Illinois had similar Hg deposition. Areas with comparatively lower annual Hg deposition were observed in Michigan and Ohio for many years and frequently included part of northern Indiana. The area in southern Indiana where high Hg deposition predominated had the highest number of extreme episodes of weekly Hg deposition delivering up to 15% of the annual Hg load from precipitation in a single week. Modeled 48-h back trajectories indicated air masses for these episodes often arrived from the south and southwest, crossing numerous stationary sources of Hg emissions releasing from 23 to more than 300 kg Hg per year. This analysis suggests that local and regional, rather than exclusively continental or global Hg emissions were likely contributing to the extreme episodes and at least in part, to the spatial patterns of precipitation-Hg deposition in the study area. Statistically significant temporal decreases in weekly precipitation-Hg concentrations in the study area between the periods 2001-2013 and 2014-2016 were observed, coinciding with reported reductions in Hg emissions in the USA required by implementation of national Hg emissions-control rules. These decreases in atmospheric-Hg concentrations are believed to have resulted in the reduced atmospheric-Hg deposition recorded because precipitation depths between the two periods were not significantly different. The Hg-monitoring data for the study area identified an atmospheric deposition response to decreased local and regional Hg emissions.

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Section: Spatial Patterns In Hg Depositionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Spatial Patterns and Temporal Changes in Atmospheric-Mercury Deposition for the Midwestern USA, 2001–2016

Risch

Kenski²

2018

Atmosphere

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“…For instance, Li et al (2008) noted that the mean 24-h particulate-phase mercury concentration over the polluted area in Göteborg, Sweden did not exceed 12.5 ± 16.4 pg m −3 . Similar results were also obtained from measurements in Toronto (mean 18.0 pg m −3 , Song et al 2009) and a slightly higher mean Hg p concentration value was found in Seoul (26.3 ± 42.6 pg m −3 , Seo et al 2012). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…PHg concentration values are in pg m −3 , sampling sites are labeled as follows: ( C ) coastal, ( R ) rural, ( Re ) remote, ( U ) urban, and ( F ) forestSiteSite typeSeasonPHgReferencePoznań, PolandUApril 2013–October 2014Coarse, <MDL–604.9@fine, <MDL–77.1This studyGdynia, PolandC/UApril 2008–April 2009Coarse, 0.3–151.5@fine, 0.2–39.9Siudek et al (2011)Gdynia, PolandUDecember 2007–December 20082–142Beldowska et al (2012)Detroit, USAU20041.0–1345.2Liu et al (2010)Femman, SwedenU20053.89–20.26Li et al (2008)Beijing, ChinaU2003–2004180–3510Wang et al (2006)Toronto, CanadaUDecember 2003–November 200421.5Song et al (2009)Mexico City, MexicoUMarch 2006187 ± 300Rutter et al (2009)Xiamen, ChinaUMarch 2012–February 2013174.4Xu et al (2015)Guiyang, ChinaUAugust–December 20090–8407Fu et al (2011)Seoul, KoreaU200623.9 ± 42.6Seo et al (2012)Toronto, CanadaUDecember 2003–November 200414.2–39.2Zhang et al (2012)Changchun, ChinaU1999–2000276Fang et al (2004)Nanjing, ChinaUJune 2011–February 2012320–2040Zhu et al (2014)San Francisco Bay Area, USAU200880.8 ± 283Rothenberg et al (2010)Jeziory, PolandFApril 2013–October 2014Coarse, 20.8fine, 2.4This studyWaldhof, GermanyR2009–2011<0.4–262Weigelt et al (2013)Dexter...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric particulate mercury at the urban and forest sites in central Poland

Siudek

Frankowski

Siepak

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Particulate mercury concentrations were investigated during intensive field campaigns at the urban and forest sites in central Poland, between April 2013 and October 2014. For the first time, quantitative determination of total particulate mercury in coarse (PHg2.2) and fine (PHg0.7) aerosol samples was conducted in Poznań and Jeziory. The concentrations in urban fine and coarse aerosol fractions amounted to 600.0 pg m−3) were much higher than during the following months when any similar situation did not occur. Our investigations confirmed that Hg in urban aerosol samples was predominantly related to local industrial and commercial emissions, whereas the main source of Hg in particulate matter collected at the forest site was connected with regional anthropogenic processes. This paper provides the results of the first long-term measurements of size-fractionated particulate mercury conducted in central Poland, which could be an important insight into atmospheric Hg processes within such a scarcely investigated part of Europe.

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“…In a field study, Sakata and Asakura [2007] estimated that the average contributions to Hg wet deposition at 10 sites in Japan were 74% for GOM and 26% for total PBM. GOM was also scavenged more efficiently by precipitation than fine PBM in Seoul, South Korea based on scavenging coefficients of 750 for GOM and 380 for fine PBM [Seo et al, 2012]. However, at a rural location in Korea, strong correlations between the volume-weighted mean Hg concentrations in precipitation and fine PBM concentrations in air suggest that the total Hg wet deposition was primarily from fine PBM [Ahn et al, 2011].…”

Section: 1002/2015jd023769mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

Cheng¹,

Zhang²,

Mao

2015

JGR Atmospheres

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Relative contributions to mercury wet deposition by gaseous oxidized mercury (%GOM) and fine and coarse particle-bound mercury (%FPBM and %CPBM) were estimated making use of monitored FPBM air concentration and mercury wet deposition at nine North American locations. Scavenging ratios of particulate inorganic ions (K + and Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Na + ) were used as a surrogate for those of FPBM and CPBM, respectively. FPBM and CPBM were estimated to contribute 8-36% and 5-27%, respectively, depending on the location, to total wet deposition. The rest of the 39-87% was attributed to the contribution of GOM. The average %GOM, %FPBM and %CPBM among all locations were 65%, 17%, and 18%, respectively. The relative distributions of %GOM, %FPBM, and %CPBM were influenced by Hg(II) gas-particle partitioning, urban site characteristics, and precipitation type. At the regional scale, %GOM dominated over %FPBM and %CPBM. However, the sum of FPBM and CPBM contributed to nearly half of the total Hg wet deposition in urban areas, which was greater than other site categories and is attributed to higher FPBM air concentrations. At four locations, %FPBM exceeded %GOM during winter in contrast to summer, suggesting the efficient snow scavenging of aerosols. The results from this study are useful in improving mercury transport models since most of these models do not estimate CPBM, but frequently use monitored mercury wet deposition data for model evaluation.

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Characteristics of total mercury (TM) wet deposition: Scavenging of atmospheric mercury species

Cited by 49 publications

References 44 publications

Spatial Patterns and Temporal Changes in Atmospheric-Mercury Deposition for the Midwestern USA, 2001–2016

Spatial Patterns and Temporal Changes in Atmospheric-Mercury Deposition for the Midwestern USA, 2001–2016

Atmospheric particulate mercury at the urban and forest sites in central Poland

Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

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