Characteristics of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs and microRNAs Associated with Immunocompromise in an Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Pig Model

Abstract

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important cause of newborn morbidity and mortality in mammals. Transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) has become an emerging non-coding RNA in recent years. tsRNA and microRNAs (miRNAs) share similar mechanisms, which are involved in various biological processes. In this study, the pig was used as a model of IUGR, and the tsRNA and miRNA expression profile in the spleen was characterized by RNA sequencing. A total of 361 miRNAs and 620 tsRNAs were identified, of which 22 were differentially expressed miRNA (DEM) and 25 differentially expressed tsRNA (DET). tRF-5c were the primary tsRNA type making up more than 90%, and the most abundantly expressed tsRNAs are from tRNA-Gly-GCC. Functional enrichment analysis found that those DETs and DEMs have been implicated in the immune system process. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed ssc-miR-370, ssc-miR-206, tiRNA-Ser-TGA-001 and tRF-Val-AAC-034 could be major regulators. TNF, TLR4, CD44, MAPK1 and STAT1 were predicted hub target genes. Those DETs and DEMs may regulate the T-cell receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway to mediate the immunocompromise caused by IUGR. The results discussed in this article uncover the potential role of tsRNAs and miRNAs in IUGR porcine spleen.

Characteristics of microRNAs in Skeletal Muscle of Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Pigs

“…Sequencing was performed on an Illumina Nextseq 500 system. The sequencing data were processed as we described before [41,42]. Clean data were obtained by removing raw-data adapters and low-quality readings.…”

Pancreatic stellate cell‐derived exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ promotes proliferation and mobility of pancreatic cancer through AXIN2

“…Studies have shown that PSC‐derived exosomes promote PC proliferation, migration, and drug resistance by delivering proteins, mRNA, and non‐coding RNA, leading to changes in gene profiles and activation of oncogenic pathways 8–10 . It has been reported that small ncRNAs can be derived from the precursors and mature sequences of small RNAs derived from tRNAs (tDRs) 11,12 . RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNAs, which are typically 76–90 nucleotides long in eukaryotes.…”

“…8 , 9 , 10 It has been reported that small ncRNAs can be derived from the precursors and mature sequences of small RNAs derived from tRNAs (tDRs). 11 , 12 RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNAs, which are typically 76–90 nucleotides long in eukaryotes. It has been found that pre‐tRNAs and mature tRNAs are extensively modified before and after they are exported to the cytoplasm in order to create two different kinds of can generally be divided into tRNA halves (tiRNAs) and tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs).…”