Characteristics of tyre dust in polluted air: Studies by single particle mass spectrometry (ATOFMS)

Dall’Osto, Manuel; Beddows, D. C. S.; Gietl, Johanna K.; Olatunbosun, Oluremi; Yang, Xiaoguang; Harrison, Roy M.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.026

Cited by 82 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In real life, these particles do not consist of pure tread material but are instead a mixture including wear particles from the road and possibly from other sources. Therefore, the particles found on roadsides are usually referred to as Tire and Road Wear particles (TRWP) and contain a multitude of materials stemming from other traffic-related or environmental sources [10]. The identification of particles as being TRWP is not trivial and still subject of current research [11,12].…”

Section: Particles Of Tire Wearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tire Wear Particle Hot Spots – Review of Influencing Factors

Pohrt¹

2019

FU Mech Eng

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Automotive tires have played an important role in land-based transportation and will probably continue to do so for many years to come. During their service lifetime, parts of the outer protector layer are worn off and discarded into the environment. A typical passenger car emits about 120 micrograms of rubber per meter but the exact current value depends on a multitude of influencing factors and varies greatly. We review available data on the wear rate (or inverse expected lifetime) of automotive rubber tires and extract qualitative estimations on how the most important parameters alter the deposition rate on a given road section. Local hot spots of increased tire wear particle occurrence can be identified from these parameters. It is concluded that generally subjecting tires to milder usage conditions can reduce tire wear by substantial amounts. Reducing vehicle speeds is identified as the most effective general measure.

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Section: Particles Of Tire Wearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tire Wear Particle Hot Spots – Review of Influencing Factors

Pohrt¹

2019

FU Mech Eng

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“…Vehicular emissions source profiles were identified by high concentrations of carbonaceous species (i.e., EC and OC). Elevated loadings of several non-exhaust PM tracers (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn) indicate that these sources are affected by particles emitted from brake and tire wear, road surface abrasion, and the resuspension of road surface dust (Pant and Harrison, 2013;Dall'sto et al, 2014). Only at Rubidoux was the PMF model able to determine two separate source profiles for diesel and gasoline vehicles (Fig.…”

Section: Vehicular Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S2f). These road dust tracers most likely originate from the re-suspension of deposited soil and road dust enriched with vehicular emissions and lubricating oils (Pant and Harrison, 2013;Dall'sto et al, 2014). This source was therefore named "sulfate-bearing road dust" (Katrinak et al, 1995).…”

Section: Other Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability of sources of ambient fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in California

et al. 2014

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To identify major sources of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 , dp < 2.5 µm) and quantify their contributions in the state of California, a positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model was applied on Speciation Trends Network (STN) data, collected between 2002 and 2007 at eight distinct sampling locations, including El Cajon, Rubidoux, Los Angeles, Simi Valley, Bakersfield, Fresno, San Jose, and Sacramento. Between five to nine sources of fine PM were identified at each sampling site, several of which were common among multiple locations. Secondary aerosols, including secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, were the most abundant contributor to ambient PM 2.5 mass at all sampling sites, except for San Jose, with an annual average cumulative contribution of 26 to 63 %, across the state. On an annual average basis, vehicular emissions (including both diesel and gasoline vehicles) were the largest primary source of fine PM at all sampling sites in southern California (17-18 % of total mass), whereas in Fresno and San Jose, biomass burning was the most dominant primary contributor to ambient PM 2.5 (27 and 35 % of total mass, respectively), in general agreement with the results of previous source apportionment studies in California. In Bakersfield and Sacramento, vehicular emissions and biomass burning displayed relatively equal annual contributions to ambient PM 2.5 mass (12 and 25 %, respectively). Other commonly identified sources at all sites included aged and fresh sea salt and soil, which contributed to 0.5-13 %, 2-27 %, and 1-19 % of the total mass, respectively, across all sites and seasons. In addition, a few minor sources were identified exclusively at some of the sites (e.g., chlorine sources, sulfate-bearing road dust, and different types of industrial emissions). These sources overall accounted for a small fraction of the total PM mass across the sampling locations (1 to 15 %, on an annual average basis).

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“…Single particle mass spectrometers, such as the aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS), have proven valuable in identifying and characterising a wide variety of particle sources: sea salt, mineral dust, vehicle exhaust, tyre wear, solid fuel combustion (coal, peat and wood), shipping and various industrial emissions Bhave et al, 2001Bhave et al, , 2002Dall'Osto et al, 2014;Giorio et al, 2012;Harrison et al, 2012;Healy et al, 2009Healy et al, , 2010Healy et al, , 2012Liu et al, 2003;Spencer et al, 2008;Tao et al, 2011). Mixing state information -both internal and external -provided by mass spectrometers has been used to determine the type of atmospheric processing particles have undergone (Gard et al, 1998), as well as their acidity and hygroscopicity (Denkenberger et al, 2007;Healy et al, 2014), properties which affect their ability to act as CCN (cloud condensation nuclei; Furutani et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was employed to provide real-time single particle mixing state and thereby source information for aerosols impacting the western Mediterranean basin during the ChArMEx-ADRIMED and SAF-MED campaigns in summer 2013. The ATOFMS measurements were made at a ground-based remote site on the northern tip of Corsica.Twenty-seven distinct ATOFMS particle classes were identified and subsequently grouped into eight general categories: EC-rich (elemental carbon), K-rich, Na-rich, amines, OC-rich (organic carbon), V-rich, Fe-rich and Carich particles. Mass concentrations were reconstructed for the ATOFMS particle classes and found to be in good agreement with other co-located quantitative measurements (PM 1 , black carbon (BC), organic carbon, sulfate mass and ammonium mass). Total ATOFMS reconstructed mass (PM 2.5 ) accounted for 70-90 % of measured PM 10 mass and was comprised of regionally transported fossil fuel (EC-rich) and biomass burning (K-rich) particles. The accumulation of these transported particles was favoured by repeated and extended periods of air mass stagnation over the western Mediterranean during the sampling campaigns. The single particle mass spectra proved to be valuable source markers, allowing the identification of fossil fuel and biomass burning combustion sources, and was therefore highly complementary to quantitative measurements made by Particle into Liquid Sampler ion chromatography (PILS-IC) and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), which have demonstrated that PM 1 and PM 10 were comprised predominantly of sulfate, ammonium and OC. Good temporal agreement was observed between ATOFMS EC-rich and K-rich particle mass concentrations and combined mass concentrations of BC, sulfate, ammonium and low volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA). This combined information suggests that combustion of fossil fuels and biomass produced primary EC-and OC-containing particles, which then accumulated ammonium, sulfate and alkylamines during regional transport.Three other sources were also identified: local biomass burning, marine and shipping. Local combustion particlesPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. (emitted in Corsica) contributed little to PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentrations but were easily distinguished from regional combustion particles. Marine emissions comprised fresh and aged sea salt: the former was detected mostly during a 5-day event during which it accounted for 50-80 % of sea salt aerosol mass, while the latter was detected throughout the sampling period. Dust was not efficiently detected by the ATOFMS, and support measurements showed that it was mainly in the PM 2.5-10 fraction. Shipping particles, identified using markers for heavy fuel oil combustion, were associated with regional emissions and represented only a small fraction of PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentration at the site.

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Characteristics of tyre dust in polluted air: Studies by single particle mass spectrometry (ATOFMS)

Cited by 82 publications

References 34 publications

Tire Wear Particle Hot Spots – Review of Influencing Factors

Tire Wear Particle Hot Spots – Review of Influencing Factors

Spatial and temporal variability of sources of ambient fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in California

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

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Characteristics of tyre dust in polluted air: Studies by single particle mass spectrometry (ATOFMS)

Cited by 82 publications

References 34 publications

Tire Wear Particle Hot Spots – Review of Influencing Factors

Tire Wear Particle Hot Spots – Review of Influencing Factors

Spatial and temporal variability of sources of ambient fine particulate matter (PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;) in California

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

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Product

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Spatial and temporal variability of sources of ambient fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in California