Characteristics of unsteadiness for transitional plane fountains in linearly stratified fluids

Inam, Mohammad Ilias; Lin, Wenxian; Williamson, N.; Armfield, S.W.

doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2018.12.013

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This observation is unlike the asymmetric behavior reported for PFs in stratified fluids at larger Fr and Re [10]. This finding implies that for the specific fountain presented, the flow and temperature pattern remains symmetric irrespective of the instant selected in contrast to an asymmetric fountain [10,16,17].…”

Section: Development Of Temperature Fieldcontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Similar behavior to that in Figures 1 and 2 can be identified, as fountains stay symmetric and the mixing between the fountain and fluid is minimal. The intrusion again increases significantly compared to the fountain height, especially for a large s. z m reduces with increasing s because of the stabilizing ability of the stratification as discussed in [10,16,17], indicating that s has a notable influence on the MFPH along with the intrusion height.…”

Section: Effect Of Smentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Research on PFs in stratified fluids has been scarce and mainly focused on those in turbulent regimes, with z m as the main parameter. In the past several years, we carried out numerical studies on weak and transitional PFs in LSFs to examine their effects on the transition of a PF from symmetric behavior to asymmetric behavior, with z m as the major parameter characterizing the PF behavior [10,[16][17][18]. Nevertheless, the characterization of weak PFs in stratified fluids with small Fr and Re values, in which only the symmetric behavior is present, is currently rarely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximum Penetration Height and Intrusion Speed of Weak Symmetric Plane Fountains in Linearly Stratified Fluids

Inam

Lin

Armfield

et al. 2023

Fluids

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The flow behavior of weak symmetric plane fountains in linearly stratified fluids is studied numerically with three-dimensional simulations over a range of the Froude (Fr), Reynolds (Re), and stratification numbers (s). The two main parameters describing the fountain characterization are the dimensionless maximum fountain penetration height (zm) and intrusion velocity (uint), which differ significantly at different flow development stages. It was found that the stratification stabilizes the symmetry of the weak fountains, which makes the fountain become asymmetric at a larger Fr value, and zm at the fully developed stage continues to increase as a result of the intrusion, which continually changes the ambient fluid stratification features, thus the buoyant force. The evolution of intrusion experiences three distinct stages. Both Fr and s have effects on zm and uint, with the effect of Fr usually larger than that of s. The overall impacts of Fr and s can be quantified in terms of Frasb, with a and b varying for different parameters. With numerical results, empirical correlations are produced in terms of Frasb for each relevant parameter, which generally predict the results very well.

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Section: Development Of Temperature Fieldcontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Effect Of Smentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximum Penetration Height and Intrusion Speed of Weak Symmetric Plane Fountains in Linearly Stratified Fluids

Inam

Lin

Armfield

et al. 2023

Fluids

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Thermal Entrainment in the Core Regions of Transitional Plane Fountains in Linearly Stratified Ambient Fluids

Inam¹,

Lin²,

Armfield³

2022

Int. J. Appl. Mechanics

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Thermal entrainment is an integral feature of free-shear flows involving temperature changes, including fountains (negatively buoyant jets). The understanding of thermal entrainment is essential for applications involving thermal stratification such as that in a solar water storage tank. In this study, thermal entrainment in the core regions of transitional plane fountains in linearly-stratified ambient fluids is studied numerically over a range of the Froude number, Reynolds number, and dimensionless thermal stratification parameter. The results show that thermal entrainment has a negligible effect on the inner core region, but is significant in the outer core region, particularly at the interfaces among the upflow, downflow, and ambient fluid, and the thermal entrainment parameter, which quantifies the extent of thermal entrainment, decreases with height or in a stronger stratification, but increases with increasing Froude number or Reynolds number. Several numerical relations are obtained with the numerical results for the thermal entrainment parameter.

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Characteristics of unsteadiness for transitional plane fountains in linearly stratified fluids

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Maximum Penetration Height and Intrusion Speed of Weak Symmetric Plane Fountains in Linearly Stratified Fluids

Maximum Penetration Height and Intrusion Speed of Weak Symmetric Plane Fountains in Linearly Stratified Fluids

Thermal Entrainment in the Core Regions of Transitional Plane Fountains in Linearly Stratified Ambient Fluids

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