Characteristics of vermiculite‐reinforced thermoplastic starch composite films

Lu, Peng; Zhang, Min; Liu, Yong; Li, Jiuling; Xin, Ming

doi:10.1002/app.36342

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thus, an attractive way to suit this matrix to a wide range of compounds of interest and modify its diffusional process is to prepare a nanocomposite where exfoliated clay is used to impose diffusional barriers to the molecular movement . Additionally, it is well known that starch‐based nanocomposites have better mechanical properties than neat starch . The use of exfoliated clays as filler materials has received increasing attention and large numbers of works have been pursued in examining the preparation and characterization of these nanocomposites, especially in the modification of diffusional properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of a nanocomposite starch–clay for slow‐release of herbicides: Evidence of synergistic effects between the biodegradable matrix and exfoliated clay on herbicide release control

Giroto

Campos

Pereira

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article a nanocomposite based on starch gel, a renewable polymer, and montmorillonite clay (MMT) is proposed as a host system for the slow‐delivery of a hydrophobic herbicide loaded in very high contents (50% in total weight), where the nanocomposite structure controls the release by imposing diffusional barriers to the active compound. The herbicide release rate in water showed that nanocomposites presented higher retentions than the neat samples (herbicide‐loaded starch or MMT), revealing a cooperative or synergic effect between the constituents. Biodegradation essays also revealed this cooperative behavior, showing longer biodegradation periods for the nanocomposite than the pristine materials. Also, a two‐step release was noticed, where the first step was controlled by starch (short periods) and the second was played by MMT (longer times). The nanocomposite structural analysis gave evidence that the release behavior is governed by the interaction between the constituents, even at very high herbicide contents. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41188.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of a nanocomposite starch–clay for slow‐release of herbicides: Evidence of synergistic effects between the biodegradable matrix and exfoliated clay on herbicide release control

Giroto

Campos

Pereira

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Different groups have focussed on starches from different sources (with an extensive range of amylose to amylopectin ratios), different plasticizers (including water and organic species such as glycerol, sorbitol, triacetin) and other additives including sugars (Souza et al, 2012), pequi oil (Schlemmer et al, 2010) urea and acetic acid (Lu et al, 2012), polyester (McGlashan and Halley, 2003), polycaprolactone (Kalambur and Rizvi, 2004) and polyvinyl alcohol, PVOH (Dean et al, 2008). The matrix is then further expanded by the rather eclectic selection of swelling (Wilhelm et al, 2003), non-swelling (de Carvalho et al, 2001;Lu et al, 2012;Mbey et al, 2012), acid-treated bentonite (Schlemmer et al, 2010), and sepiolite (Chivrac et al, 2010c) as well as bentonite organically modified using alkylammonium cations or polymeric species such as chitosan (Kampeerapappun et al, 2007) and 4 cationically modified starch (Chivrac et al, 2008(Chivrac et al, , 2010a(Chivrac et al, , 2010b. Recent additions to the list of layered materials utilised to enhance the properties of starch include layered double hydroxides (Chung and Lai, 2010), zirconium phosphates -both 'natural' and specifically modified for the purpose (Donnadio et al, 2012) and graphite oxide (Li et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the interactions between starches, bentonites and plasticizers in sustainable barrier coatings for paper and board

Breen

Clegg

Thompson

et al. 2019

Applied Clay Science

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Effective food packaging is a major factor in the current global drive to minimise food waste. Starch is an excellent oxygen barrier for packaging but it is brittle and moisture sensitive. The addition of layered minerals and plasticizers can significantly improve the moisture barrier and flexibility of the resulting composite. Some combinations of starch and plasticizer are incompatible but our results show that the addition of bentonite ensures the formation of coherent starch films with much improved moisture barrier regardless of the starchplasticizer compatibility. It was clearly demonstrated that improvement of the moisture barrier was critically dependent on the layer charge of the bentonite used. Starch was readily accommodated in the interlayer space of bentonites with a layer charge of < 0.4 electrons per formula unit but was not adsorbed if the layer charge was above this value. Starchbentonite-plasticizer coatings prepared using bentonites with the lower layer charge routinely produced higher barriers to water vapour. The water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of the base paper was reduced from 780 to 340 ± 20 g m 2 day-1 when coated with starch alone. This was further reduced to 48 or 66 g m 2 day-1 if glycerol or lower charge bentonite, respectively, was added to the starch. Optimised coatings of starch-lower charge bentoniteplasticizer provided WVTR values of ≤ 10 g m 2 day-1 whereas WVTR values for comparative coatings prepared using the higher charge bentonites were three to four times higher (35 ± 7 g m 2 day-1). Scanning electron micrographs provided clear evidence for the presence of 60 nm thick supramolecular layers formed from starch-bentonite-plasticizer in the samples 2 coated on either glass or paper. The WVTR values for these low-eco footprint coatings are competitive with proprietary coatings prepared using petroleum derived resins.

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“…Vermiculite is a natural hydrous magnesium silicate mineral that belongs to the 2:1 layered structure composed of two tetrahedral silica sheets enclosing a central sheet of octahedral magnesia . Vermiculite is abundant and cheaper when compared with other clays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5] Vermiculite is a natural hydrous magnesium silicate mineral that belongs to the 2:1 layered structure composed of two tetrahedral silica sheets enclosing a central sheet of octahedral magnesia. [6] Vermiculite is abundant and cheaper when compared with other clays. Due to its outstanding characteristics, vermiculite is commonly used in agriculture, in industrial and environmental applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability, Melt Flow Index, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Green HDPE Composites: Effect of Mineral Fillers

Escócio

Visconte

Nazareth

et al. 2018

Macromolecular Symposia

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In this study, two types of composites, both with the same polymeric matrix, high density polyethylene (HDPE) from renewable sources, also called green HDPE, are investigated. The mineral fillers insert into HDPE are vermiculite and titanium dioxide (TIO2). The objective of this work is the evaluation of two inorganic fillers in the HDPE composites and how their presence alters the properties of this HDPE derive from sugar cane ethanol. Composites obtain by extrusion with different contents of anatase type titanium dioxide (10–30 wt%/wt) and brazilian vermiculite (5–20 wt%/wt) are evaluated as for mechanical and morphological properties, melt flow index (MFI), and permeability. The addition of fillers cause little influence on tensile strength, but increased the elasticity modulus and decreased impact strength. in relation to morphology, it is found that particles of TIO2 are well dispersed in the HDPE matrix. For composites with vermiculite, its distribution in the polymer matrix is not so good as compared with composites of TIO2, especially in proportions higher than 10 wt%. The results of MFI show that by adding vermiculite the fluidity of polyethylene does not change, but the addition of TIO2 promotes a reduction in fluidity thus suggesting that a good dispersion has been achieved. Permeability increases on the addition of the two fillers, being more pronounced at high amounts (20% vermiculite and 30% TIO2). The analyzed properties, the addition of these fillers does not interfere negatively the properties of the green HDPE and can be considered an alternative toward low cost composites.

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Characteristics of vermiculite‐reinforced thermoplastic starch composite films

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Study of a nanocomposite starch–clay for slow‐release of herbicides: Evidence of synergistic effects between the biodegradable matrix and exfoliated clay on herbicide release control

Study of a nanocomposite starch–clay for slow‐release of herbicides: Evidence of synergistic effects between the biodegradable matrix and exfoliated clay on herbicide release control

Exploring the interactions between starches, bentonites and plasticizers in sustainable barrier coatings for paper and board

Permeability, Melt Flow Index, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Green HDPE Composites: Effect of Mineral Fillers

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