Characteristics of VOCs Released from Plywood in Airtight Environments

Cao, Tianyu; Shen, Jun; Wang, Qifan; Li, Huifang; Xu, Cong; Dong, Hanwu

doi:10.3390/f10090709

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…VOC emissions from wood materials can be reduced by applying relevant finishing materials. However, according to some researchers, the suggested solution could reduce the emission rate of one chemical, while increasing the emission rate of other chemicals [73,74]. VOC emission reductions from birch plywood glued with phenol formaldehyde resins were shown in a study that substituted phenol with bio-oil; however, in this study, increased formaldehyde emissions were recorded, despite a significant decrease of the total emission of VOCs being detected [75].…”

Section: Voc Emission Reduction and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Coated Furniture Units

Ülker

Hızıroǧlu

2021

Coatings

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main source influencing the overall air quality of an environment. It is a well-known fact that coated furniture units, in the form of paints and varnishes, emit VOCs, reducing the air quality and resulting in significant health problems. Exposure time to such compounds is also an important parameter regarding their possible health effects. Such issues also have a greater influence when the exposure period is extended. The main objective of this study was to review some of the important factors for the emission of VOCs from coated furniture, from the perspective of material characteristics, as well as health concerns. Some methods for controlling VOC emissions to improve indoor air quality, from the point of view recent regulations and suggestions, are also presented in this work.

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Section: Voc Emission Reduction and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Coated Furniture Units

Ülker

Hızıroǧlu

2021

Coatings

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“…In the adhesive-coating workshops, the base materials of plywood are coated with adhesives in a semi-opening state (i.e., VOCs emissions from adhesives are not efficiently collected), resulting in the highest concentration of VOCs. In the hot-pressing process, the high temperature accelerates VOCs emissions from adhesivecoated panels [27]. The production of adhesives is usually carried out in a closed reaction kettle, and VOCs are mainly emitted from the storage and addition of raw materials, and therefore VOCs concentrations in the adhesive-making workshops show the lowest value among these three processes.…”

Section: Process-specific Voc Concentrations and Chemical Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VOCs Fugitive Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment from Typical Plywood Industry in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from the plywood manufacturing industry in China have received concerns during recent years. A total of 115 VOCs were measured in the adhesive-making, adhesive-coating, and hot-pressing workshops of the plywood manufacturing industry to investigate fugitive emission characteristics of VOCs and assess their health risks to workers. The average concentration of total VOCs in workshops of the plywood manufacturing industry is 467 ± 359 μg/m3, whereas the value for ambient air is 81.4 μg/m3. For specific processes, the adhesive-coating and hot-pressing processes show higher VOCs concentrations (501 μg/m3–519 μg/m3) than the adhesive-making process (340 μg/m3). Formaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane are the three most abundant VOCs in workshops, with relative contributions to total VOCs of 55.9–63.1%, 4.3–11.0%, and 1.7–4.4%, respectively. For ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs, formaldehyde is the largest contributor (86.1%), followed by toluene, xylenes, and propanal. The non-cancer toxic risks (HI) and cancer risks of total VOCs (T-LCR) for three processes are calculated as 2.93–3.94 and 2.86–4.17 × 10−4 using the US EPA recommended methods, both significantly higher than threshold values (1.0 for HI and 10−4 for LCR), suggesting the highly toxic and cancer risks to workers. Formaldehyde contributes 68.1–78.2% and 91.4–93.9% of HI and T-LCR, respectively. The designed risk reduction scheme of VOCs based on air ventilation suggests that air ventilation rates of formaldehyde need to reach 4–5 times in 8 h in three processes to reduce T-LCR to 10−5. These results are useful for developing VOCs control measures and evaluating VOCs occupational health risk for workers in the plywood manufacturing industry.

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“…Indoor air contains a broad spectrum of various pollutants, which have a significant influence on the comfort and health of people staying indoors [1][2][3][4][5]. The low quality of indoor air is due to, inter alia, the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from wooden elements of indoor furnishings [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. These compounds account for 60% of all substances polluting the atmosphere and 73% of all compounds mentioned in the Toxic Release Inventory [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Heartwood and Sapwood of Selected Coniferous Species

Czajka

Fabisiak

2020

Forests

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The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from furnishings from solid wood and all kinds of wood derivative materials depends on many factors, of which the most important is the wood species. The intraspecies and interspecies differences in VOC emission result from the differences in the chemical composition and anatomical structure of heartwood and sapwood of different species. VOC composition analysis was performed separately for heartwood and sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees. The studies were conducted in a glass climatic chamber of 0.025 m3, equipped with a system for the monitoring and control of climatic conditions. Samples of air for analyses were collected after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of exposure. The results provided evidence for interspecies and intraspecies differences in the qualitative and quantitative compositions of VOC. The concentration of total VOC (TVOC) released from heartwood of Scots pine was higher than that released from sapwood. For European larch and Norway spruce, the opposite relations were observed. The VOC emission from Scots pine heartwood was about 17 times higher than the emission from European larch and Norway spruce heartwood. The differences in TVOC emitted from the sapwood of samples from different species were smaller. For each of the species, the highest percentage contribution to TVOC was made by terpenes. The second highest percentage contribution in TVOC was made by compounds containing a carbonyl group, mainly aldehydes, while aromatic compounds made the third highest contribution.

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Characteristics of VOCs Released from Plywood in Airtight Environments

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Coated Furniture Units

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Coated Furniture Units

VOCs Fugitive Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment from Typical Plywood Industry in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Heartwood and Sapwood of Selected Coniferous Species

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