Characteristics of windshield cracking upon low-speed impact: Numerical simulation based on the extended finite element method

Experimental investigation on the radial and circular crack propagation of PVB laminated glass subject to dynamic out-of-plane loading

“…As the Ref. [9] indicated that r 11 is larger in hoop stress than circumferential stress so radial crack propagates faster than circular crack. The radial crack propagation velocity is lower than that in pure soda-lime glass [37] where no obvious circular crack occurs.…”

“…Hoop stress is larger than radial stress such that radial crack appears before circular crack [9], therefore, it gives us an opportunity to capture and study the evolution history of radial and circular cracks separately. Fig.…”

“…However, there are few reported investigations that focused on the dynamic fracture of PVB laminated glass except some numerical simulations based on various of computational methods, such as traditional finite element analysis [7,8], extended finite element method [9], discrete element method [10] and among others. Experimental studies on dynamic fracture of PVB laminated glass available are focused on interfacial decohesion and large deformation in cracked laminates [11][12][13][14] which provide important insights into the dynamic failure of PVB laminated glass.…”

A three-dimensional computational framework for impact fracture analysis of automotive laminated glass

“…The materials of this model are shown in Table 2. The energy release rates of the glass material are 10 N/m for mode I and 50 N/m for mode II and III [24]. The friction coefficient is 0.1 in this case [24].…”

“…Additionally, Munjiza et al [23] developed a new shell element for glass fracture simulations in the context of the combined DE/FE method. Recently, Xu et al [24] have characterized the propagations of radial and circumferential cracks and performed a parametric study of a laminated glass plate under low-velocity impact by using the extended finite element method (XFEM). In this paper, in order to simulate the complex fracture behaviours of laminated glass under low-velocity impact where cracks may propagate, branch and even link up to form fragments, we resort to the cohesive zone model (CZM) whose pioneer works can be traced to those of Barenblatt [25,26] and Dugdale [27].…”