Characteritization of, and health risks from, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans from incense burned in a temple

Hu, Ming-Tsan; Chen, Shen-Jen; Huang, Kuo‐Lin; Lin, Yuan-Chung; Lee, Wen‐Jhy; Chang-Chien, Guo-Ping; Tsai, Jen-Hsiung; Lee, Jia-Twu; Chiu, Chuen-Huey

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.027

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“… 91 However, it has been reported that burning incense can increase dioxin levels in indoor air which may therefore cause raised levels in specific indoor environments such as temples or churches. 92 …”

Section: Sources Of Exposure To Edcs In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of air pollution and endocrine disorders

Darbre¹

2018

IJGM

185

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Over recent years, many environmental pollutant chemicals have been shown to possess the ability to interfere in the functioning of the endocrine system and have been termed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These compounds exist in air as volatile or semi-volatile compounds in the gas phase or attached to particulate matter. They include components of plastics (phthalates, bisphenol A), components of consumer goods (parabens, triclosan, alkylphenols, fragrance compounds, organobromine flame retardants, fluorosurfactants), industrial chemicals (polychlorinated biphenyls), products of combustion (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans, polyaromatic hydrocarbons), pesticides, herbicides, and some metals. This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the sources of EDCs in air, measurements of levels of EDCs in air, and the potential for adverse effects of EDCs in air on human endocrine health.

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Section: Sources Of Exposure To Edcs In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of air pollution and endocrine disorders

Darbre¹

2018

IJGM

185

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“…As a cultural and religious custom, incense burning is widely used in some countries [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The PM 2.5 concentrations inside a church reached values of 36-123 µg/m 3 (mean 56 µg/m 3 ), equivalent to 5 × 10 3 -1.4 × 10 4 cm −3 (mean 6.3 × 10 3 cm −3 ) [8].…”

Section: Exposure 321 Incense Sticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incense-burning and aroma products are not widely prohibited worldwide, as some countries still use them extensively [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In principle, smoking is prohibited in some countries, but this is still not fully obeyed in a large portion of the globe, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], where tobacco smoking (mainly cigarettes and shisha, which is also known as waterpipe, hookah, narghile, or narghila) is still experienced in homes, restaurants, vehicles, malls, government buildings, and offices; shisha smoking is still widely allowed in coffee shops and offered to teenagers [22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Exposure and Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose Rate during Smoking and Incense Stick Burning—The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions

Hussein

2022

IJERPH

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Tobacco smoking and incense burning are commonly used in Jordanian microenvironments. While smoking in Jordan is prohibited inside closed spaces, incense burning remains uncontrolled. In this study, particle size distributions (diameter 0.01–25 µm) were measured and inhaled deposited dose rates were calculated during typical smoking and incense stick-burning scenarios inside a closed room, and the exposure was summarized in terms of number and mass concentrations of submicron (PNSub) and fine particles (PM2.5). During cigarette smoking and incense stick-burning scenarios, the particle number concentrations exceeded 3 × 105 cm−3. They exceeded 5 × 105 cm−3 during shisha smoking. The emission rates were 1.9 × 1010, 6.8 × 1010, and 1.7 × 1010 particles/s, respectively, for incense, cigarettes, and shisha. That corresponded to about 7, 80, and 120 µg/s, respectively. Males received higher dose rates than females, with about 75% and 55% in the pulmonary/alveolar during walking and standing, respectively. The total dose rates were in the order of 1012–1013 #/h (103–104 µg/h), respectively, for PNSub and PM2.5. The above reported concentrations, emissions rates, and dose rates are considered seriously high, recalling the fact that aerosols emitted during such scenarios consist of a vast range of toxicant compounds.

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“…If it is assumed that three sticks (the weight of one stick is 1.0 g) are used each time, domestic incense consumption is 6,120 tons. 4,000 tons of incense is used in temples per year (Hu et al, 2009). The total consumption of incense in Taiwan is thus 10,012 tons per year.…”

Section: P-pahs Emission Factors and Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing emissions of air pollutants from incense burning with the addition of nanoscale calcium carbonate

Yang¹,

Peng²,

Chang³

et al. 2011

Sci. Res. Essays

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Many studies have investigated the particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions of burning incense on the quality of surrounding air. However, the reduction of PM and PAHs from burning incense has received little attention. In the present study, two types of incense were made in the laboratory. Five to thirty percent of nanoscale calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO 3 ) was added to Hsing Shan and Lao Shan wood flours, which are popular incense materials. It was found that the addition of 10% nano-CaCO 3 reduced PM by 7.30 mg/g and reduced particle-phase PAHs by 1.03 µg/g and benzo[a]pyrene equivalent by 0.15 µg/g. In addition, considering the total consumption of incense, we added 10% nano-CaCO 3 in incense powder. Then, it can reduce PM by 73.0 tons, particle-phase PAHs by 10.3 kg, and benzo[a]pyrene equivalent by 1.5 kg in Taiwan per year. The findings of this study may serve as a guide to producing safer and less-polluting incense.

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Characteritization of, and health risks from, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans from incense burned in a temple

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Overview of air pollution and endocrine disorders

Overview of air pollution and endocrine disorders

Indoor Exposure and Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose Rate during Smoking and Incense Stick Burning—The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions

Reducing emissions of air pollutants from incense burning with the addition of nanoscale calcium carbonate

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