Characterization and antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine loaded silver-kaolinite

Jou, Seow Khai; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2016.04.001

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…No changes in the diffraction patterns and d (001) spacing between the unmodified and modified kaolinite imply that the modification did not alter the internal structure of the crystals [ 62 ]. This could further imply that the adsorption of copper and zinc ions occurred on kaolinite surfaces instead of intercalated between the sheets [ 63 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Protection of Pharmaceutical Kaolin and Talc Modified with Copper and Zinc

et al. 2021

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Six pharmaceutical pastes were prepared using chemically modified kaolin and talc powders. Tests were conducted to determine their structural and chemical characteristics as well as their antimicrobial protection, thus rendering them suitable for cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses. Kaolin and talc were treated chemically via the cation exchange method to load the clay particles with copper and zinc ions, two cations well known for their antimicrobial properties. Mineralogical analyses were conducted by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) before and after the modification, confirming the mineralogical purity of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy was also used in conjunction with energy dispersed spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to obtain chemical mapping images, revealing the dispersion of the added metals upon the clay minerals surfaces. Moreover, chemical analysis has been performed (XRF) to validate the enrichment of the clays with each metal utilizing the cation exchange capacity. All modified samples showed the expected elevated concentration in copper or zinc in comparison to their unmodified versions. From the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the chemical state of the samples’ surfaces was investigated, revealing the presence of salt compounds and indicating the oxidation state of adsorbed metals. Finally, the resistance of pastes in microbial growth when challenged with bacteria, molds, and yeasts was assessed. The evaluation is based on the European Pharmacopeia (EP) criteria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Protection of Pharmaceutical Kaolin and Talc Modified with Copper and Zinc

et al. 2021

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“…Owing to the fact that studies on the application in nanocomposites and mouth rinses have already shown kaolinite to be a potential dental material based on its promising applications [28][29][30], it is of high importance to assure the first steps in biocompatibility testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have already been conducted on the effect of kaolinite on oral pathogens [28]. Holešová et al prepared nanocomposites for oral application containing kaolinite with the intention of an antipathogenic effect and Jou et al studied chlorhexidine mixed with silver-kaolinite, which leads to a stronger antibacterial effect than a combination of only two of the three components [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of periodontal cells to kaolinite

et al. 2019

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Objectives The impact of kaolinite on human periodontal cells is yet unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the response of human periodontal cells to kaolinite. Methods Human periodontal cells were treated with kaolinite at reducing concentrations from 30 to 0.0015 mg/mL and with conditioned medium, which was depleted of kaolinite. Cell viability was evaluated with a resazurin-based toxicity assay, Live-Dead staining, and MTT assay and staining. The pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were quantified via ELISA in periodontal fibroblasts. L-929, a standard cell-line used for cytotoxicity studies, served as control cell line. Composition of kaolinite was verified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results Kaolinite in suspension but not in conditioned medium impaired cell viability dose-dependently. VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8 production was not substantially modulated by kaolinite or the conditioned medium in periodontal cells. Conclusion Overall, kaolinite can decrease cell viability dose-dependently while conditioned medium showed no toxic effect. No pronounced impact of kaolinite on VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8 production was observed. This study provided first insights into the impact of kaolinite on human periodontal cells thereby inferring to the basis for the evaluation of kaolinite as a carrier in regenerative dentistry. Clinical relevance Kaolinite, a clay mineral, is successfully used in medicine due to its favorable properties. Also, applications in conservative dentistry are described. However, the response of oral cells to kaolinite is still unclear. Here, we assessed the impact of kaolinite on human periodontal cells.

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“…Where the amount of HDTMA-Br adsorbed is in mmol/kg, [HDTMA]i and [HDTMA]f are concentration of HDTMA before and after adsorption (mmol/L), respectively, V is volume of the HDTMA-Br solution (L) and Wk is the weight of kaolinite (kg). The dispersion behaviour of the samples in the water and hexane mixture was performed according to the previous paper [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Adsorption and Antibacterial Activities of Surfactant-Modified Kaolinite

et al. 2020

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Water contamination problems caused by various contaminants (i.e. anionic and cationic compounds, and pathogenic bacteria) necessitate the advanced material development for simultaneous adsorption and antibacterial actions. In this study, kaolinite (Kao) was modified with surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) (0.1, 1.0 and 4.0 mM) and they were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dispersion behaviour. No structural changes occurred after the adsorption of HDTMA-Br molecules on the Kao. In the simultaneous action study, the samples were tested for their adsorption capacity for cationic (methylene blue, MB) and anionic dyes (acid orange 7, AO7), and for antibacterial activities against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC11229) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538). HDTMA-modified Kao enhanced the adsorption of AO7 and the trend was correlated with the HDTMA adsorbed on Kao. The modified Kao with the highest HDTMA-Br concentration (KaoH4.0) showed 100% removal capacity for both dyes (AO7 and MB) and reduced the highest amount of both bacterial colonies. Therefore, the kaolinite modified with surfactant simultaneously enhanced the adsorption capacity of both positive and negative compounds, and increased the antibacterial activities against a wide spectrum of bacteria.

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Characterization and antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine loaded silver-kaolinite

Cited by 40 publications

References 49 publications

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Protection of Pharmaceutical Kaolin and Talc Modified with Copper and Zinc

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Protection of Pharmaceutical Kaolin and Talc Modified with Copper and Zinc

The response of periodontal cells to kaolinite

Simultaneous Adsorption and Antibacterial Activities of Surfactant-Modified Kaolinite

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