Characterization and comparison of microstructures in the shaped-charge regime: copper and tantalum

Gurevitch, A. C.; Murr, L. E.; Shih, Han-Cheng; Niou, C. S.; Advani, A. H.; Manuel, D. Joseph; Zernow, L.

doi:10.1016/1044-5803(93)90022-n

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In fact, Murr et al, observed a reduction in grain size by a factor of 10 for copper shaped charge liners. In this study, the measured recovered material grain sizes were equiaxed, consistent with previous work [2,15] and varies from the initial liner grain size (an average of 54 μm) by a factor of 9. A similar study on Tungsten shaped charges liners revealed the role of dislocations in the refinement of the microstructure during dynamic recrystallization suggesting a link between strain and grain size of the recovered slug [7].…”

Section: Optical Metallography Of Slug Recovered From the Machined Cosupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In short, the grain size of the slug appeared to change linearly outward with the smallest grains at the centre and the largest in the outer regions. A similar observation was reported by Murr et al, [2], where different grain sizes were observed at three concentric rings with the middle ring having the largest. Usefully, analysis of hydrocode simulations of a stretching shaped charge jet has revealed higher temperatures [6] and strain at the centre indicative of a higher degree of deformation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It has become widely accepted that shaped charge liners undergo dynamic recrystallization during liner collapse and jet formation to produce refined microstructures [1][2][3]. Under high strain/strain rate conditions, severe plastic deformation of the liner gives rise to nucleation and growth of new grains by continuous accumulation of dislocations [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Microstructure of Machined and Laser Sintered Shaped Charge Liner in the Hydrodynamic Regime

Agu

Hameed

Appleby-Thomas

2019

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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To gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying jet formation and elongation of laser sintered shaped charge liners under high strain rate deformation, Cu-Cr-Zr alloy liners fabricated by selective laser sintering process were deformed by explosive detonation. Their as-manufactured (liner) and resultant (slug) microstructure have been investigated in comparison with those of traditional machined liners employing both optical and scanning electron microscopy. The resultant slug microstructure of both machined and laser sintered liners revealed a smaller refined equiaxed grain size consistent with traditionally fabricated liners, characteristic of dynamic recrystallization. The disappearance of the (originally present) pores in the post-shot/recovered material microstructure was observed for laser-sintered liners. Comparison of the forward and rear region of the slug revealed variations in liner deformation, a result attributed to temperature variation across the slug. In contrast with the machined liner, a unique feature of precipitation, observed in the ending (slug) microstructure of the laser sintered liner is indicative of the associated extreme high strain and strain rate liner deformation which occurred during slug formation. The precipitates are likely compounds of Chromium and Zirconium which are constituents of the laser sintered copper alloy-the first time this observation is reported. This study provides a link between post charge evolution microstructure and liner manufacturing processes, potentially providing a new route to help optimise jet formation and effectiveness.

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Section: Optical Metallography Of Slug Recovered From the Machined Cosupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Microstructure of Machined and Laser Sintered Shaped Charge Liner in the Hydrodynamic Regime

Agu

Hameed

Appleby-Thomas

2019

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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“…For copper, the etchant selected was a mixture of nitric acid and water [6], but with a third rather than a half part acid. After this etchant was swabbed on the surface, there was a variable delay before a reaction became apparent with the formation of gas bubbles; the delay was most likely due to a surface oxide layer but also possibly because the room temperature was not controlled.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annealing-induced softening of copper and molybdenum for high strain rate deformation

et al. 2011

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The effect of annealing on the high strain rate deformation properties of copper and molybdenum was studied. Samples were extracted using spark erosion and were annealed under various conditions. High strain rate stress-strain curves at ~700 s −1 and 1500 s −1 were measured using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. Recrystallization occurred for the copper and molybdenum at annealing temperatures of 300°C and 1200°C, respectively, and resulted in a significant softening of the samples compared to their unannealed state. Generally, copper and molybdenum are annealed at much higher temperatures and it is suggested that lower temperature annealing may provide cost savings during the manufacturing processes.

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“…Gurevitch et al [5] and Murr et al [6] observed that the microstructures of jet fragments and slugs for copper and tantalum shaped charges were significantly different from the starting liner microstructures. They pointed out that variations in the starting grain structure and microstructure of tantalum liners had a noticeable effect on the residual jet and slug microstructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microstructural evolution in electroformed nickel shaped-charge liners with nano-sized grains undergone deformation at ultrahigh strain rate

Yang

Shengwei

et al. 2010

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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Nickel shaped-charge liners with nano-sized grains were prepared by the electroforming technique, and the deformation at ultrahigh strain rate was performed by explosive detonation. The as-formed and post-deformed microstructures of electroformed nickel shaped-charge liners with nano-sized grains were observed by means of transmission electron microscopy, and the orientation distribution of the grains was analyzed by the electron backscattering pattern (EBSP) technique. The melting phenomenon in the jet fragment and the recovery and recrystallization in the slug after plastic deformation at ultrahigh-strain rate were observed in the ultrafine-grained nickel shaped-charge liners. The research evidence shows that dynamic recovery and recrystallization play an important role in plastic deformation at ultrahigh strain rate.

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Characterization and comparison of microstructures in the shaped-charge regime: copper and tantalum

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison of the Microstructure of Machined and Laser Sintered Shaped Charge Liner in the Hydrodynamic Regime

Comparison of the Microstructure of Machined and Laser Sintered Shaped Charge Liner in the Hydrodynamic Regime

Annealing-induced softening of copper and molybdenum for high strain rate deformation

Microstructural evolution in electroformed nickel shaped-charge liners with nano-sized grains undergone deformation at ultrahigh strain rate

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