Characterization and description of a virus causing salivary gland hyperplasia in the housefly, Musca domestica

Coler, R. R.; Boucias, Drion G.; Frank, J. Howard; Maruniak, James E.; Garcia-Canedo, Alejandra; Pendland, J. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1993.tb00688.x

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…One important difference concerns the pathology and tissue tropism of GpSGHV. GpSGHV induces a characteristic syndrome of SGH in its host, a property shared with two other viruses of Diptera described in Musca domestica (15) and Merodon equestris (6). It also induces lesions in gonads and accessory glands of male and female tsetse flies (38,39,59,60) and in the milk glands of females (61), which may be responsible for mother-to-offspring transmission.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In reared colonies, however, horizontal transmission facilitated by the membrane feeding technique used for large-scale feeding of tsetse flies (21) may constitute the main route of virus transmission. The SGH syndrome was also observed in two other species of nonhematophagous diptera, the narcissus bulb fly Merodon equestris (6) and the housefly Musca domestica (15).…”

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confidence: 88%

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Genome Analysis of a Glossina pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus Reveals a Novel, Large, Double-Stranded Circular DNA Virus

Abd-Alla

François

Parker

et al. 2008

J Virol

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Several species of tsetse flies can be infected by the Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV). Infection causes salivary gland hypertrophy and also significantly reduces the fecundity of the infected flies. To better understand the molecular basis underlying the pathogenesis of this unusual virus, we sequenced and analyzed its genome. The GpSGHV genome is a double-stranded circular DNA molecule of 190,032 bp containing 160 nonoverlapping open reading frames (ORFs), which are distributed equally on both strands with a gene density of one per 1.2 kb. It has a high A؉T content of 72%. About 3% of the GpSGHV genome is composed of 15 sequence repeats, distributed throughout the genome. Although sharing the same morphological features (enveloped rod-shaped nucleocapsid) as baculoviruses, nudiviruses, and nimaviruses, analysis of its genome revealed that GpSGHV differs significantly from these viruses at the level of its genes. Sequence comparisons indicated that only 23% of GpSGHV genes displayed moderate homologies to genes from other invertebrate viruses, principally baculoviruses and entomopoxviruses. Most strikingly, the GpS-GHV genome encodes homologues to the four baculoviral per os infectivity factors (p74 [pif-0], pif-1, pif-2, and pif-3). The DNA polymerase encoded by GpSGHV is of type B and appears to be phylogenetically distant from all DNA polymerases encoded by large double-stranded DNA viruses. The majority of the remaining ORFs could not be assigned by sequence comparison. Furthermore, no homologues to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunits were detected. Taken together, these data indicate that GpSGHV is the prototype member of a novel group of insect viruses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 88%

Genome Analysis of a Glossina pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus Reveals a Novel, Large, Double-Stranded Circular DNA Virus

Abd-Alla

François

Parker

et al. 2008

J Virol

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“…Although both viruses induce SGH, they possess distinct structural and molecular characteristics. Both viruses are enveloped, rod-shaped with a circular dsDNA genome, and both contain a complex of major and minor structural peptides (Coler et al, 1993;Garcia-Maruniak et al, 2008). The MdSGHV, measuring approximately 656550 nm, contains a 124 279 bp genome (~44 mol% G+C content) that codes for 108 methionine-initiated putative open reading frames (ORFs) (Garcia-Maruniak et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two viruses that cause salivary gland hypertrophy in Glossina pallidipes and Musca domestica are related and form a distinct phylogenetic clade

Garcia-Maruniak

Abd-Alla²,

Salem

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Glossina pallidipes and Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy viruses (GpSGHV and MdSGHV) replicate in the nucleus of salivary gland cells causing distinct tissue hypertrophy and reduction of host fertility. They share general characteristics with the non-occluded insect nudiviruses, such as being insect-pathogenic, having enveloped, rod-shaped virions, and large circular double-stranded DNA genomes. MdSGHV measures 65¾550 nm and contains a 124 279 bp genome (~44 mol% G+C content) that codes for 108 putative open reading frames (ORFs). GpSGHV, measuring 50¾1000 nm, contains a 190 032 bp genome (28 mol% G+C content) with 160 putative ORFs. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrates that 37 MdSGHV ORFs have homology to 42 GpSGHV ORFs, as some MdSGHV ORFs have homology to two different GpSGHV ORFs. Nine genes with known functions (dnapol, ts, pif-1, pif-2, pif-3, mmp, p74, odv-e66 and helicase-2), a homologue of the conserved baculovirus gene Ac81 and at least 13 virion proteins are present in both SGHVs. The amino acid identity ranged from 19 to 39 % among ORFs. An (A/T/G)TAAG motif, similar to the baculovirus late promoter motif, was enriched 100 bp upstream of the ORF transcription initiation sites of both viruses. Six and seven putative microRNA sequences were found in MdSGHV and GpSGHV genomes, respectively. There was genome. Collinearity between the two SGHVs, but not between the SGHVs and the nudiviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes clustered both SGHVs in a single clade separated from the nudiviruses and baculoviruses. Although MdSGHV and GpSGHV are different viruses, their pathology, host range and genome composition indicate that they are related.

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“…The virus was described initially as a nonoccluded, enveloped, rod-shaped, doublestranded DNA virus (7). Feeding bioassays demonstrated that the virus could be transmitted per os to healthy adult houseflies and that infection with the virus was responsible for the salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH) symptoms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus on the Reproductive Behavior of the Housefly, Musca domestica

Lietze

Geden

Blackburn

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Pathological studies demonstrated that the salivary gland hypertrophy virus of houseflies (MdSGHV) shuts down reproduction in infected females. The mechanism that underlay the disruption of reproduction functioned on several levels. Females infected at the previtellogenic stage did not produce eggs, reflecting a block in the gonadotropic cycle. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis of hemolymph samples demonstrated that MdSGHV infection reduced the levels of both the female-specific hexamerin and egg yolk proteins. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR data demonstrated that infection blocked hexamerin and yolk protein gene transcription. When females were allowed to develop eggs prior to infection (postvitellogenic stage), the outcome of mating attempts depended upon when mating took place. If egg-containing, virus-infected females were mated within 24 h of infection, they copulated and deposited a single batch of fertilized eggs. However, if mating was delayed for a longer period, the egg-containing females refused to copulate with healthy males. Both of these results suggested that a virusinduced signal influenced the central nervous system, shutting down female receptivity and egg production. All experiments demonstrated that MdSGHV-infected males did not display azoospermia and were fertile. Both healthy females mated with infected males, and the resulting F1 progeny were free of salivary gland hypertrophy symptoms, which suggests that the virus is not sexually or vertically transmitted.In the early 1990s, an insect virus was detected and isolated from hypertrophied salivary glands of male and female houseflies, Musca domestica L., in Florida. The virus was described initially as a nonoccluded, enveloped, rod-shaped, doublestranded DNA virus (7). Feeding bioassays demonstrated that the virus could be transmitted per os to healthy adult houseflies and that infection with the virus was responsible for the salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH) symptoms. In these experiments, 95% of the female houseflies with symptoms of SGH showed no sign of ovarian development (7). A similar virus causing symptoms of SGH has been reported in the narcissus bulb fly, Merodon equestris (Fabricius) (3), and in various species of tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (3, 11). Comparisons of the different virus-host fly systems have demonstrated that the different viruses have several morphological and pathological properties in common (3,7,8,11,15,16,19). Electron microscopic observation of virus particles either in thin sections of hypertrophied salivary glands or from sucrose density gradientpurified, negatively stained preparations showed enveloped bacilliform virions. In all three fly groups, the virus replicates in the salivary gland tissue of male and female flies. Additionally, infected adults do not exhibit any external disease symptoms, and morphogenesis occurs in the nuclei, resulting in nuclear SGH.The most thoroughly studied SGH viruses (SGHVs) are those associated...

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Characterization and description of a virus causing salivary gland hyperplasia in the housefly, Musca domestica

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Genome Analysis of a Glossina pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus Reveals a Novel, Large, Double-Stranded Circular DNA Virus

Genome Analysis of a Glossina pallidipes Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus Reveals a Novel, Large, Double-Stranded Circular DNA Virus

Two viruses that cause salivary gland hypertrophy in Glossina pallidipes and Musca domestica are related and form a distinct phylogenetic clade

Effects of Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus on the Reproductive Behavior of the Housefly, Musca domestica

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