Characterization and differentiation of filamentous fungi based on Fatty Acid composition

Stahl, Peter D.; Klug, Michael J.

doi:10.1128/aem.62.11.4136-4146.1996

Cited by 246 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Relative abundance of bacteria in the microbial communities was calculated as the percentage of bacterial biomass comprising total microbial biomass. The biomarkers for saprophytic fungi were 18 : 1o9c and 18 : 2o6 (Bardgett et al, 1996;Stahl & Klug, 1996). The sum of these two PLFAs was used to estimate fungal biomass and relative abundance.…”

Section: Microbial Community Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant species richness, elevated CO₂, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function

Chung

Zak

Reich

et al. 2007

Global Change Biology

245

122

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We determined soil microbial community composition and function in a field experiment in which plant communities of increasing species richness were exposed to factorial elevated CO 2 and nitrogen (N) deposition treatments. Because elevated CO 2 and N deposition increased plant productivity to a greater extent in more diverse plant assemblages, it is plausible that heterotrophic microbial communities would experience greater substrate availability, potentially increasing microbial activity, and accelerating soil carbon (C) and N cycling. We, therefore, hypothesized that the response of microbial communities to elevated CO 2 and N deposition is contingent on the species richness of plant communities. Microbial community composition was determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, and function was measured using the activity of key extracellular enzymes involved in litter decomposition. Higher plant species richness, as a main effect, fostered greater microbial biomass, cellulolytic and chitinolytic capacity, as well as the abundance of saprophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Moreover, the effect of plant species richness on microbial communities was significantly modified by elevated CO 2 and N deposition. For instance, microbial biomass and fungal abundance increased with greater species richness, but only under combinations of elevated CO 2 and ambient N, or ambient CO 2 and N deposition. Cellobiohydrolase activity increased with higher plant species richness, and this trend was amplified by elevated CO 2 . In most cases, the effect of plant species richness remained significant even after accounting for the influence of plant biomass. Taken together, our results demonstrate that plant species richness can directly regulate microbial activity and community composition, and that plant species richness is a significant determinant of microbial response to elevated CO 2 and N deposition. The strong positive effect of plant species richness on cellulolytic capacity and microbial biomass indicate that the rates of soil C cycling may decline with decreasing plant species richness.

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Section: Microbial Community Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant species richness, elevated CO₂, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function

Chung

Zak

Reich

et al. 2007

Global Change Biology

245

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As different groups of microbes produce specific PLFAs, 13 C-PLFA also reveals which community members were growing at -2°C. We quantified markers for Gram(+) bacteria (Zelles et al, 1992), Gram(-) bacteria (Wilkinson, 1988), and fungi (Stahl and Klug, 1996). Fungi were the most active of the three groups (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial growth in Arctic tundra soil at −2°C

McMahon

Wallenstein

Schimel

2009

Environ Microbiol Rep

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There is some evidence that microbes inhabiting permanently frozen environments are capable of cell maintenance and growth under in situ conditions. In contrast, Arctic tundra surface soils that are only frozen during the winter have exhibited CO2 respiration under frozen conditions. This could result from maintenance metabolism fuelled by recycling cell material, but does necessarily indicate growth, which requires the synthesis of new cell material. We used (13) C-glucose to trace C into membrane lipids and 5-bromo-3-deoxyuridine to monitor DNA synthesis in a laboratory microcosm study on Arctic tundra soils. Organisms were not equally active: fungi incorporated more C than any other group. Although some bacteria were growing, Gram(+) bacteria were almost completely inactive. Shrub tundra microbes were more active in early winter than tussock microbes, incorporating more C and synthesizing more DNA. In late winter, the C incorporation pattern reversed, although DNA production was similar. We demonstrated for the first time that microbes in frozen tundra soils synthesized new cell membranes and DNA, processes fundamentally associated with growth. That microbes can grow during Arctic winters may have important implications for C cycle modelling under a changing climate.

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“…Short or odd-chain saturated PLFAs (14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, and 18:0) were considered as non-specific bacterial markers and are present in all groups of microbial organisms. Typical markers for fungi are PLFA 18:2ω6,9, 18:1ω9c and 16:1ω5c (Stahl & Klug, 1996;Zelles, 1999;Myers et al, 2001;Ruess et al, 2002;DeForest et al, 2004;Waldrop et al, 2004;McMahon et al, 2005).…”

Section: Analysis Of Phospholipid Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic matter quality of a forest soil subjected to repeated drying and different re‐wetting intensities

Schmitt

Glaser

Borken

et al. 2010

European J Soil Science

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Extended drought periods followed by heavy rainfall may increase in many regions of the Earth, but the consequences for the quality of soil organic matter and soil microbial communities are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of repeated drying and re-wetting on microbial communities and the quality of particulate and dissolved organic matter in a Haplic Podzol from a Norway spruce stand. After air-drying, undisturbed soil columns were re-wetted at different intensities (8, 20 and 50 mm per day) and time intervals, so that all treatments received the same amount of water per cycle (100 mm). After the third cycle, SOM pools of the treatments were compared with those of non-dried control columns. Lignin phenols were not systematically affected in the O horizons by the treatments whereas fewer lignin phenols were found in the A horizon of the 20-and 50-mm treatments. Microbial biomass and the ratio of fungi to bacteria were generally not altered, suggesting that most soil microorganisms were well adapted to drying and re-wetting in this soil. However, gram-positive bacteria and actinomycetes were reduced whereas gram-negative bacteria and protozoa were stimulated by the treatments. The increase in the (cy17:0 + cy19:0)/(16:1ω7c + 18:1ω7c) ratio indicates physiological or nutritional stress for the bacterial communities in the O, A and B horizons with increasing re-wetting intensity. Drying and re-wetting reduced the amount of hydrolysable plant and microbial sugars in all soil horizons. However, CO 2 and dissolved organic carbon fluxes could not explain these losses. We postulate that drying and re-wetting triggered chemical alterations of hydrolysable sugar molecules in organic and mineral soil horizons.

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Characterization and differentiation of filamentous fungi based on Fatty Acid composition

Cited by 246 publications

References 23 publications

Plant species richness, elevated CO₂, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function

Plant species richness, elevated CO₂, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function

Microbial growth in Arctic tundra soil at −2°C

Organic matter quality of a forest soil subjected to repeated drying and different re‐wetting intensities

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Characterization and differentiation of filamentous fungi based on Fatty Acid composition

Cited by 246 publications

References 23 publications

Plant species richness, elevated CO2, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function

Plant species richness, elevated CO2, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function

Microbial growth in Arctic tundra soil at −2°C

Organic matter quality of a forest soil subjected to repeated drying and different re‐wetting intensities

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Plant species richness, elevated CO₂, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function

Plant species richness, elevated CO₂, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition alter soil microbial community composition and function