We recently demonstrated that the selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 144528 acts as an inverse agonist that blocks constitutive mitogen-activated protein kinase activity coupled to the spontaneous autoactivated peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB 2 ) in the Chinese hamster ovary cell line stably transfected with human CB 2 . In the present report, we studied the effect of SR 144528 on CB 2 phosphorylation. The CB 2 phosphorylation status was monitored by immunodetection using an antibody specific to the COOH-terminal CB 2 which can discriminate between phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated CB 2 isoforms at serine 352. We first showed that CB 2 is constitutively active, phosphorylated, and internalized at the basal level. By blocking autoactivated receptors, inverse agonist SR 144528 treatment completely inhibited this phosphorylation state, leading to an up-regulated CB 2 receptor level at the cell surface, and enhanced cannabinoid agonist sensitivity for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation of Chinese hamster ovary-CB 2 cells. After acute agonist treatment, serine 352 was extensively phosphorylated and maintained in this phosphorylated state for more than 8 h after agonist treatment. The cellular responses to CP-55,940 were concomitantly abolished. Surprisingly, CP-55,940-induced CB 2 phosphorylation was reversed by SR 144528, paradoxically leading to a nonphosphorylated CB 2 which could then be fully activated by CP-55,940. The process of CP-55,940-induced receptor phosphorylation followed by SR 144528-induced receptor dephosphorylation kept recurring many times on the same cells, indicating that the agonist switches the system off but the inverse agonist switches the system back on. Finally, we showed that autophosphorylation and CP-55,940-induced serine 352 CB 2 phosphorylation involve an acidotropic GRK kinase, which does not use G i ␥. In contrast, SR 144528-induced CB 2 dephosphorylation was found to involve an okadaic acid and calyculin A-sensitive type 2A phosphatase. Several studies revealed that receptor activation can occur spontaneously in the absence of an agonist. This discovery led to a reclassification of antagonists as neutral antagonists or inverse agonists. Neutral antagonists block agonist action without any effect on constitutive activity (16 -19), whereas agonists block agonist action but also suppress constitutive activity.We recently demonstrated the agonist-independent activity of CB 1 and CB 2 receptors expressed in mammalian cells following transfection (20,21). We also showed that the CB 1 antagonist SR141716 and the CB 2 antagonist SR 144528 not only block the actions of cannabinoid agonists but they also suppress the constitutive activity of these receptors, indicating that these molecules act as inverse agonists. Furthermore, we revealed for the first time a novel property of these inverse agonists. We demonstrated that they also switch off the activation induced by other unrelated G i -dependent receptors such as insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors...