Characterization and evaluation of graphene oxide scaffold for periodontal wound healing of class II furcation defects in dog

Abstract

IntroductionThe 3-dimensional scaffold plays a key role in volume and quality of repair tissue in periodontal tissue engineering therapy. We fabricated a novel 3D collagen scaffold containing carbon-based 2-dimensional layered material, named graphene oxide (GO). The aim of this study was to characterize and assess GO scaffold for periodontal tissue healing of class II furcation defects in dog.Materials and methodsGO scaffolds were prepared by coating the surface of a 3D collagen sponge scaffold with GO dispersion. Scaffolds were characterized using cytotoxicity and tissue reactivity tests. In addition, GO scaffold was implanted into dog class II furcation defects and periodontal healing was investigated at 4 weeks postsurgery.ResultsGO scaffold exhibited low cytotoxicity and enhanced cellular ingrowth behavior and rat bone forming ability. In addition, GO scaffold stimulated healing of dog class II furcation defects. Periodontal attachment formation, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament-like tissue, and cementum-like tissue, was significantly increased by GO scaffold implantation, compared with untreated scaffold.ConclusionThe results suggest that GO scaffold is biocompatible and possesses excellent bone and periodontal tissue formation ability. Therefore, GO scaffold would be beneficial for periodontal tissue engineering therapy.

Insights into the angiogenic effects of nanomaterials: mechanisms involved and potential applications

“…Therefore, researchers are working on fabricating novel micronano scaffolds to drive angiogenesis and promote bone regeneration [20]. The common method is infiltration of nanoparticles, nanosheets or nanofibres in different natural or synthetic materials, such as bioceramics [21,22], polycaprolactone [23], chitosan [24], silk fibroin [25] and collagen [26][27][28]. The composition of nanomaterials improves the mechanical properties and surface hydrophilicity of the bone tissue engineering scaffold, which is beneficial to the growth and adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) [29].…”

“…Bone engineering Nano-HA (1) In vitro study (2) In vivo glucocorticoid-induced bone defect model [28] In vitro study [29,33,154,155] In vivo ectopic osteogenesis study [18] In vivo calvarial defect model [20,99] Micro/Nano-structured surfaces of Cu x -HA (1) In vitro study (2) In vivo subcutaneously implant study [34] TCP nanolayers In vitro study [21] Nanofibrin In vitro study [24] GO In vivo calvarial defect study [22,26] In vivo ectopic osteogenesis study [27] PCL nanofibrous biomembranes In vivo maxillary bone lesion model [16] Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (1) In vitro study (2) In vivo ectopic osteogenesis study [30] Copper doped in electrospun bioactive glass nanofibers…”

Nanomaterials in Dentistry: State of the Art and Future Challenges

“…In addition to its mechanical and electrical properties, graphene functionalization with protein/peptides will be useful for tissue engineering applications [ 63 ]. For example, Kawamoto and coworkers [ 64 ] prepared graphene oxide scaffolds (GO). They demonstrated that they presented a quite low cytotoxicity and that they were able to enhance the cellular ingrowth behavior.…”

Development of a Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Polydimethylsiloxane Membrane with Hexagonal Micropillars

“…The excellent electrical conductivity and charge carrier mobility of graphene has enabled this material to be beneficial for the development of electronic devices [ 22 ], and now it is widely used in several biomedical applications, including biosensors, drug and gene delivery, cell imaging devices, electrical stimulation of cells, phototherapy for cancer, bioassays [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], and as the substrate for anchorage-dependent cells [ 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Graphene oxide (GO), a graphene nanosheet with oxygen-containing groups [ 32 ], has been reported to improve the properties of bioscaffolds for tissue transplantation, in particular for bone tissue [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. In addition, GO-enriched bioscaffolds have several advantages, including low cytotoxicity [ 37 ] and higher physical strength [ 38 ], and exhibit promising biocompatibility [ 36 ].…”

“…Graphene oxide (GO), a graphene nanosheet with oxygen-containing groups [ 32 ], has been reported to improve the properties of bioscaffolds for tissue transplantation, in particular for bone tissue [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. In addition, GO-enriched bioscaffolds have several advantages, including low cytotoxicity [ 37 ] and higher physical strength [ 38 ], and exhibit promising biocompatibility [ 36 ]. Substrates coated with GO have also been demonstrated to provide excellent interfaces for cell–scaffold interaction in vitro [ 31 ].…”